{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:30:50Z","timestamp":1782970250894,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H02865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H02865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K27556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K27556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K14927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K14927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18dm0307004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18dm0307004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19dm0307101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19dm0307101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21wm0425006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21wm0425006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24wm0625310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24wm0625310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fixel\u2010based analysis (FBA) is an advanced diffusion MRI analysis technique that facilitates the evaluation of white matter microstructure within \u2018fixels\u2019 (specific fibre populations within a voxel). In recent years, FBA has gained prominence for its ability to better characterise fibre tract\u2010specific changes than the more conventional diffusion MRI approaches and has shown promise in elucidating the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological diseases. However, FBA has been predominantly limited to single\u2010centre studies, minimising the generalisability of the technique. In this study, the popular ComBat harmonisation technique was adapted for whole\u2010brain FBA of diffusion MRI data. The study evaluates the effectiveness of ComBat in harmonising FBA metrics of fibre density, fibre cross\u2010section and the combined metric of fibre density and cross\u2010section in a large travelling subject dataset (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200949, scan\u2009=\u2009162). Participants were scanned across multiple centres, using different scanner models and imaging protocols, and FBA metrics were compared under these varying conditions before and after harmonisation. In addition, the impact of ComBat harmonisation on disease\u2010related findings was evaluated in an independent multi\u2010centre Alzheimer's disease (AD) dataset, by comparing the same fixel\u2010based measures in patients with AD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200927) to those in cognitively normal control participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200929) before and after ComBat harmonisation. We demonstrated that ComBat harmonisation effectively mitigated variability across scanner sites, scanner models, and protocols, in the travelling subject dataset, thus enhancing the comparability of FBA metrics. Notably, ComBat harmonisation improved the detection of AD\u2010related changes in the fornix, a critical white matter tract associated with cognitive function, and strengthened the correlations between FBA metrics and cognitive scores. These results underscore the potential of ComBat harmonisation in enhancing the reliability of multi\u2010centre neuroimaging studies, supporting the use of harmonisation techniques for accurate detection of disease\u2010specific changes in neurodegenerative conditions. The ability to perform ComBat harmonisation within the whole\u2010brain FBA pipeline may help further this fibre\u2010specific technique into large\u2010scale multi\u2010centre studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T12:53:54Z","timestamp":1762952034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Utility of Harmonisation for Fixel\u2010Based Metrics in Travelling Subjects and Alzheimer's Disease Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7961-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Data Science Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5028-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Kamagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3945-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remika","family":"Mito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaito","family":"Takabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9339-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Andica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University  Urayasu Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University  Urayasu Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Data Science Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Uematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0943-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihide","family":"Maikusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3375-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Data Science Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University  Urayasu Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0538\u201023.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234\u2010019\u201002350\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531\u2010021\u201000197\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033\u20102909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Dhollander T. andA.Connelly.2016. \u201cA Novel Iterative Approach to Reap the Benefits of Multi\u2010Tissue CSD From Just Single\u2010Shell (+ b\u2009=\u20090) Diffusion MRI Data.\u201d InProceedingsof the24th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 24: 3010. ISMRM."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Dhollander T. R.Mito D.Raffelt andA.Connelly.2019. \u201cImproved White Matter Response Function Estimation for 3\u2010Tissue Constrained Spherical Deconvolution.\u201d InProceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 555. ISMRM."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"Dhollander T. D.Raffelt andA.Connelly.2016. \u201cUnsupervised 3\u2010Tissue Response Function Estimation From Single\u2010Shell or Multi\u2010Shell Diffusion MR Data Without a Co\u2010Registered T1 Image.\u201d InISMRM Workshop on Breaking the Barriers of Diffusion MRI 5. ISMRM."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406\u2010023\u201001598\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004492\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.05.2416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010319\u201024553\u20109_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010016\u20109670\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229\u2010024\u201000611\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181cb3e25"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.01.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.1020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010022\u201002503\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.H.01623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010200066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.101559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993\u2010024\u201000238\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00002"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.70408","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hbm.70408","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.70408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:59:14Z","timestamp":1770911954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.70408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.70408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.70408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70408"}}