{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:17:39Z","timestamp":1792271859908,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Autism spectrum disorder (\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is associated with white matter microstructural abnormalities, particularly in the corpus callosum (\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). This study employed free water corrected diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (fwc\u2010\n dMRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) to investigate\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n subregion\u2010specific microstructural alterations in preschool children with\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , which mitigates partial volume effects from extracellular free water.\n S<\/jats:bold>\n ixty\u2010one\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n children (6.03\u2009\u00b1\u20091.08\u2009years) and 62 typically developing (\n TD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) controls (6.49\u2009\u00b1\u20091.45\u2009years) were enrolled in this study. In the\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n group, the symptom severity was assessed by the Autism Behavior Checklist (\n ABC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Fwc\u2010\n dMRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n technique, a bi\u2010tensor tractography method, was used to investigate the white matter microstructure, which models free water and brain tissues through isotropic and anisotropic tensors to eliminate the partial volume effects caused by extracellular free water. The\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n was segmented into seven subregions automatically according to its alignment to the cortex by a robust machine learning approach based on an anatomically curated white matter atlas. Fwc\u2010\n dMRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010derived metrics were extracted for each\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n subregion. Then we compared diffusion metrics between the two groups, and the correlation between the fractional anisotropy tissue (\n \n FA\n t<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and the scores of the\n ABC<\/jats:styled-content>\n scale was analyzed in\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n S<\/jats:bold>\n ignificant group differences were localized to\n CC6<\/jats:styled-content>\n (temporal lobe projections), showing reduced\n \n FA\n t<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22123.251,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01) and elevated radial diffusivity tissue (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093.632,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01), and\n CC1<\/jats:styled-content>\n (orbital lobe projections), exhibiting decreased free water (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22123.068,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05).\n \n FA\n t<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n CC2\u2013<\/jats:styled-content>\n 5 negatively correlated with\n ABC<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.36 to \u22120.52,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01), linking frontoparietal connectivity to the symptom severity of\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Fwc\u2010\n dMRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n identified distinct microstructural disruptions in\n CC<\/jats:styled-content>\n subregions, implicating dysmyelination in temporal pathways (\n CC6<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and abnormal axonal development in frontal projections (\n CC1<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). These findings highlight fwc\u2010\n dMRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 's potential for early\n ASD<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis and intervention monitoring.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T05:23:16Z","timestamp":1766121796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Free Water Corrected Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Microstructural Alterations in Corpus Callosum Subregions of Preschool Children With Autism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Doudou","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital (PLA Medical School) Beijing 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