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Blood\u2010oxygen\u2010level\u2010dependent (BOLD) signal variability captures the brain's moment\u2010to\u2010moment fluctuations, offering a dynamic marker of neural flexibility that is sensitive to cognitive capacity. This study aimed to examine intra\u2010regional BOLD signal variability during rest and task across schizophrenia, autism, and typically developing controls (TDC) to explore transdiagnostic patterns of brain signal variability and their relationship with cognitive and functional outcomes. Intra\u2010regional BOLD variability, measured by mean squared successive difference (MSSD), was obtained from resting\u2010state and empathic accuracy task fMRI in 176 SSD, 89 autism, and 149 TDC participants. ANCOVAs, controlling for age, sex, and motion, assessed group differences in intra\u2010regional and network\u2010level BOLD variability and dimensional associations with social cognition, neurocognition, social functioning, and symptom severity. Both autism and schizophrenia exhibited lower BOLD signal variability than TDC across rest and task, with reduced variability observed in somatomotor, visual, and auditory networks (pFDR &lt;\u20090.01). Greater network variability was positively associated with better social cognitive, neurocognitive, and functional scores across the sample. Resting\u2010state variability showed stronger group\u2010based differences and cognitive associations than task\u2010based variability. BOLD signal variability is positively associated with social cognition, neurocognition, and social functioning across groups, suggesting that variability impacts cognitive efficiency and behavior. Reduced variability in autism and schizophrenia may indicate similar patterns of neural rigidity among these related conditions, positioning BOLD variability as a potential biomarker for neural flexibility and a valuable target for future transdiagnostic clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:40:51Z","timestamp":1776325251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transdiagnostic Profiles of\n                    <scp>BOLD<\/scp>\n                    Signal Variability in Autism and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Associations With Cognition and Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5595-500X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria T.","family":"Secara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health 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