{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:11:13Z","timestamp":1781532673741,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG072431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG072431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000455720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000455720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"Korea National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\u2010ER0407\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\u2010ER0407\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"Korea National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025\u2010ER0403\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025\u2010ER0403\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"Korea National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026\u2010ER0904\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026\u2010ER0904\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003708","name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSC\u20102024\u2010CRE\u20100021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSC\u20102024\u2010CRE\u20100021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003708","name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSC\u20102025\u2010CRE\u20100065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSC\u20102025\u2010CRE\u20100065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002486","name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002486","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) confirmation often relies on positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, which are costly and invasive. Consequently, structural MRI biomarkers such as cortical thickness (CT) are widely used for noninvasive AD screening. Multiscale structural mapping (MSSM) was recently proposed to integrate gray\u2013white matter contrasts (GWCs) with CT from a single T1\u2010weighted MRI (T1w) scan. Building on this framework, we propose MSSM+, together with surface supervertex mapping (SSVM) and a Supervertex Vision Transformer (SV\u2010ViT). 3D T1w images from individuals with AD and cognitively normal (CN) controls were analyzed. MSSM+ extends MSSM by incorporating sulcal depth and cortical curvature at the vertex level. SSVM partitions the cortical surface into supervertices (surface patches) that effectively represent inter\u2010 and intra\u2010regional spatial relationships. SV\u2010ViT is a Vision Transformer architecture operating on these supervertices, enabling anatomically informed learning from surface mesh representations. Compared with MSSM, MSSM+ identified more spatially extensive and statistically significant group differences between AD and CN. In AD versus CN classification, MSSM+ achieved a 3%p higher area under the precision\u2013recall curve than MSSM. Vendor\u2010specific analyses further demonstrated reduced signal variability and consistently improved classification performance across MR manufacturers relative to CT, GWCs, and MSSM. These findings suggest that MSSM+ combined with SV\u2010ViT is a promising MRI\u2010based imaging marker for AD detection prior to CSF\/PET confirmation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:41:22Z","timestamp":1780400482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Multiscale Structural Mapping with Supervertex Vision Transformer for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2338-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geonwoo","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Salat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikbeom","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938\u2010018\u20100439\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.5319"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12706"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","unstructured":"Dahan S. A.Fawaz L. Z.Williams et\u00a0al.2022.\u201cSurface Vision Transformers: Attention\u2010Based Modelling Applied to Cortical Analysis.\u201din Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Imaging With Deep Learning (MIDL). PMLR. 282\u2013303.https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v172\/dahan22a.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy A. L.Beyer A.Kolesnikov et\u00a0al.2021.\u201cAn Image Is Worth 16\u2009\u00d7\u200916 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.\u201din Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=YicbFdNTTy."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fey M. J. E.Lenssen F.Weichert andH.M\u00fcller.2018.\u201cSplineCNN: Fast Geometric Deep Learning With Continuous B\u2010Spline Kernels.\u201din Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 869\u2013877.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00097.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00097"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3182052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0771"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong S. L.Chen M. M.Bronstein andS.Zafeiriou.2019.\u201cSpiralNet++: A Fast and Highly Efficient Mesh Convolution Operator.\u201din Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW)(IEEE). 4141\u20134148.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00509.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00509"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12756"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102024\u2010334122"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(09)70299\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102948"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102248"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2019.12.13.19014902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8an00599k"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25626"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010025\u201003622\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.903576"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26532"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103319"}],"container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.70548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hbm.70548","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hbm.70548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:23:07Z","timestamp":1781529787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hbm.70548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hbm.70548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.70548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-9471","1097-0193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-9471","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70548"}}