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Although learning new skills is especially prominent throughout childhood, remarkably few studies have examined the neural underpinnings of motor sequence learning (MSL) and memory consolidation in children. Twenty\u2010two children (7\u201311\u2009years) and 23 adults (18\u201330\u2009years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing two sessions of a MSL task, separated by a 5\u2010h offline period of wakefulness. Analyses of the behavioral data revealed comparable initial learning in children and adults. However, and consistent with previous research, children exhibited superior motor memory consolidation over the 5\u2010h offline epoch. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that children exhibited smaller modulations in brain activity between task and rest epochs in a widespread network, including the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, putamen, and regions associated with the default mode network. Similar levels of activity during task and rest epochs in the hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex were associated with better motor memory consolidation in children. Results potentially suggest that the continued engagement of the developing brain during interleaved rest contributes to the childhood advantage in motor memory consolidation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:53:14Z","timestamp":1783569194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neural Correlates of Motor Sequence Learning and Enhanced Offline Consolidation in 7\u201311\u2010Year\u2010Old Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"Van Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainsley","family":"Temudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Koppelmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Huntsman Mental Health Institute University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5177-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"H\u00f6dlmoser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg University of Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5437-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevieve","family":"Albouy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley R.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2011.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Bechtold B. 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