{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T07:25:47Z","timestamp":1786951547861,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG055500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG055500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM108540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM108540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Brain Mapping"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Functional MRI (fMRI) is widely used to assess brain function, but neural\u2010derived fMRI signals are susceptible to contamination from in\u2010scanner head motion. Preprocessing pipelines often regress out and censor head motion artifacts using six rigid\u2010body motion parameters. However, recent research suggests these head\u2010motion estimates are susceptible to contamination from other sources of noise, such as respiratory rate, body size, and\n                    <jats:italic>estimated<\/jats:italic>\n                    cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF), that correspond to apparent head motion at higher frequencies (HF\u2010motion; &gt;\u20090.1\u2009Hz). Thus, these health variables are thought to be linked to the artifactual inflation of head motion estimates, introducing additional challenges to appropriate modeling and preprocessing procedures that reduce noise. Whether this artifactual relationship extends to changes in body size, midline abdominal fat (i.e., body composition), CRF measured with gold\u2010standard methods, and respiratory rate measured during scanning remains unclear. The Brain EXTEND Trial acquired multiple health variables before and after an exercise intervention that changed CRF, offering a means to test the relationship between these health variables and HF\u2010motion in a longitudinal design. Subjects (55\u201380\u2009years of age) completed a 6\u2010month chronic exercise intervention at two intensities. We analyzed baseline and longitudinal (EXTEND, baseline\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009122; longitudinal\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200984) relationships between HF\u2010motion and health variables that included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), CRF measured with a maximal exercise test (VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    max), and resting respiratory rate. HF\u2010motion was examined in each head\u2010motion parameter as the proportion of HF\u2010motion above &gt;\u20090.1\u2009Hz\u2014the typical upper bound of fMRI signals at rest. At baseline, HF\u2010motion for all translational axes was positively associated with body size (BMI, WC) while CRF was negatively associated with only the roll y\u2010rotation. Additionally, longitudinally, decreased BMI related to reduced HF\u2010motion in the z\u2010translation. Results indicate health changes related to body size associate with the presentation of high\u2010frequency MRI head\u2010motion artifacts. We caution researchers against ignoring the presence of HF\u2010motion in their analyses as their use of contaminated motion traces will negatively affect their modeling of fMRI measures. Results have implications for a wide range of investigations in health neuroscience involving body size, respiratory function, and cardiorespiratory fitness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:27:16Z","timestamp":1786447636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of the Relationships Between Body Size and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With High Frequency Head\u2010Motion Contamination in\n                    <scp>fMRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2011-9055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pipoly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Iowa Neuroscience Institute Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Cognitive Control Collaborative College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsey E.","family":"DuBose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Sport, and Human Physiology College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Science College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Madero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Iowa Neuroscience Institute Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Rivera\u2010Dompenciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Iowa Neuroscience Institute Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6577-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Sodoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Iowa Neuroscience Institute Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Oehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Iowa Neuroscience Institute Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa 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