{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:54:16Z","timestamp":1791266056500,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72274008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72274008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72304006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72304006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9232010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9232010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9262018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9262018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Care Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To reduce drug prices and improve access to essential medicines, the Chinese government implemented the National Volume\u2010Based Procurement (NVBP) policy, leveraging economies of scale. Montelukast sodium, widely prescribed for respiratory diseases, was included in the first round. This study evaluates the impact of the NVBP policy, offering insights for global pharmaceutical policy reform.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing national procurement data from the National Healthcare Security Administration (January 2019 to December 2020), we conducted an interrupted time\u2010series analysis, employing autoregressive integrated moving average models to correct for autocorrelation. We evaluated changes in procurement volume (in defined daily doses), procurement expenditures, and defined daily dose costs of montelukast sodium before and after NVBP implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NVBP policy triggered a substantial decline in total procurement expenditures and defined daily dose costs, significantly improving drug affordability. Unlike the volume surge observed in other NVBP\u2010covered drugs, the total procurement volume of montelukast sodium remained stable, suggesting rational clinical demand. Structurally, the policy successfully drove a \u201cgeneric substitution\u201d effect, where bid\u2010winning generics rapidly replaced high\u2010priced originators. The market share of non\u2010equivalent generics contracted significantly, marking a quality consolidation of the market.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NVBP successfully achieved cost containment for chronic respiratory disease medications. By promoting high\u2010quality generic substitution and reducing the market share of high\u2010priced originators and low\u2010quality generics, the policy effectively optimized the market structure. These findings provide a replicable China Model for low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries seeking to balance affordability and accessibility in chronic disease management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hcs2.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T06:33:03Z","timestamp":1786084383000},"page":"424-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of China's National Volume\u2010Based Procurement Policy on Cost, Volume, and Market Structure: An Interrupted Time\u2010Series Analysis of Montelukast Sodium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9305-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Health Renmin University of China Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of New Structural Economics Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Kunming Medical University Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department Peking University First Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7064-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Public Policy Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6442-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Public Policy Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence Peking University First Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101936"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"\u201cAsthma \u201d World Health Organization accessed January 11 2026 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/asthma."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijaai.v22i3.13057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2008.44.11.1297498"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2018.31020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.1110.0355"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2161803"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","unstructured":"\u201cEFPIA Publishes Recommendations on Medicine Procurement Across the EU \u201d EFPIA accessed January 11 2026 https:\/\/www.efpia.eu\/news-events\/the-efpia-view\/statements-press-releases\/efpia-publishes-recommendations-on-medicine-procurement-across-the-eu\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-1991-1-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hcs2.70003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-024-01250-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-025-00829-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1593099"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06698-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"\u201cThe Public Announcement of the Proposed Selection Results for National Volume\u2010Based Procurement\u201d [in Chinese] Sunshine Medical Procurement All\u2010in\u2010One accessed January 11 2026 https:\/\/www.smpaa.cn\/gjsdcg\/2019\/09\/25\/9015.shtml."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","unstructured":"\u201cATC\/DDD Index 2024 \u201d Norwegian Institute of Public Health accessed January 11 2026 https:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atc_ddd_index\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","unstructured":"\u201cThe 13th Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases Conference Held in Beijing\u201d [in Chinese] China Daily published October 27 2019 https:\/\/cn.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/201910\/27\/WS5db53fc5a31099ab995e8065.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czab012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.842944"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13449-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-014489"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1001-0408.2006.09.002"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"The Impact of National Volume\u2010Based Coronary Stent Procurement on Patients' Healthcare Costs","volume":"47","author":"Sun Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of World Economy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054346"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czae101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/ijhpm.2023.7724"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000243"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czi015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.03.189"}],"container-title":["Health Care Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hcs2.70092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hcs2.70092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hcs2.70092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:17:09Z","timestamp":1791263829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hcs2.70092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hcs2.70092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hcs2.70092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2771-1749","2771-1757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2771-1749","type":"print"},{"value":"2771-1757","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}