{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:54:19Z","timestamp":1791266059644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82574069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82103808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82103808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Care Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the association between dietary intakes of total and specific carotenoids and cognitive decline among Chinese middle\u2010aged and older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 4043 participants aged 55 years and older from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997\u20132006). Average daily dietary intakes of total carotenoids, \u03b1\u2010carotene, \u03b2\u2010carotene, \u03b2\u2010cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin were calculated from 3\u2010day 24\u2010h dietary recalls. Cognitive function was measured repeatedly using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status\u2010Modified. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were utilized to estimate beta coefficients (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of energy\u2010adjusted carotenoid intake with changes in cognitive\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher intake of total dietary carotenoids was associated with slower cognitive decline. Comparing the top to bottom quintiles (median intake: 37.0 vs. 3.1\u2009mg\/day) of total carotenoids, the adjusted difference in annual decline rates (95% CI) was 0.018 (0.001\u20130.035,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010trend\u2009=\u20090.037). The strongest association was observed for moderate intake at the fourth quintile (median intake: 23.5\u2009mg\/day,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028, 95% CI: 0.011\u20130.046,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010quadratic\u2009=\u20090.030). Protective associations were also found for specific carotenoids, including \u03b1\u2010carotene (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>Q5 vs. Q1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037, 95% CI: 0.020\u20130.055), \u03b2\u2010cryptoxanthin (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032, 95% CI: 0.014\u20130.049), lutein + zeaxanthin (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020, 95% CI: 0.002\u20130.037), lycopene (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018, 95% CI: 0.001\u20130.035) and \u03b2\u2010carotene (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019, 95% CI: 0.001\u20130.036).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A potential nonlinear association between dietary carotenoids and cognitive decline was observed in Chinese middle\u2010aged and older adults. Further research is warranted to confirm optimal intake level for dietary carotenoids and to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hcs2.70096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:57:16Z","timestamp":1788227836000},"page":"415-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Carotenoids and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study Among Chinese Middle\u2010Aged and Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2649-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2846-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiying","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulisiya","family":"Hailili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caifeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2118-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2389-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changzheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston United\u00a0States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091801"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020223"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00720-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220460"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa303"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa087"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000004815"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws202"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh124"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/88.21.1550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199404143301501"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0098-2997(03)00031-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa403"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbr048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318289e047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.6.1409"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220s"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.45.8.1446"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000338"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100223"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01800-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060532"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006684"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4120458"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065921"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9090441"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225553"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161216"}],"container-title":["Health Care Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hcs2.70096","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hcs2.70096","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hcs2.70096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:17:12Z","timestamp":1791263832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hcs2.70096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hcs2.70096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hcs2.70096","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2771-1749","2771-1757"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2771-1749","type":"print"},{"value":"2771-1757","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}