{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:01:55Z","timestamp":1790416915097,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,24]],"date-time":"2008-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Economics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Value of information methods allows decision makers to identify efficient trial design following a principle of maximizing the expected value to decision makers of information from potential trial designs relative to their expected cost. However, in health technology assessment (HTA) the restrictive assumption has been made that, prospectively, there is only expected value of sample information from research commissioned within jurisdiction. This paper extends the framework for optimal trial design and decision making within jurisdiction to allow for optimal trial design across jurisdictions. This is illustrated in identifying an optimal trial design for decision making across the US, the UK and Australia for early versus late external cephalic version for pregnant women presenting in the breech position. The expected net gain from locally optimal trial designs of US$0.72M is shown to increase to US$1.14M with a globally optimal trial design. In general, the proposed method of globally optimal trial design improves on optimal trial design within jurisdictions by: (i) reflecting the global value of non\u2010rival information; (ii) allowing optimal allocation of trial sample across jurisdictions; (iii) avoiding market failure associated with free\u2010rider effects, sub\u2010optimal spreading of fixed costs and heterogeneity of trial information with multiple trials. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,24]],"date-time":"2008-04-24T19:01:45Z","timestamp":1209063705000},"page":"203-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Globally optimal trial design for local decision making"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Eckermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Willan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199711)6:6<625::AID-HEC309>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199905)8:3<257::AID-HEC427>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199812)7:8<723::AID-HEC392>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199707)6:4<327::AID-HEC282>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960715)15:13<1447::AID-SIM267>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(98)00039-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199611)5:6<513::AID-HEC237>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(01)00093-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-002-0142-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X07312474"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X07312477"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u20104733.2007.00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009286159603000219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009286150003400204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9884.00228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1956.tb00207.x","article-title":"Economic choice of the amount of experimentation","volume":"18","author":"Grundy P","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1050(200006)9:4<327::AID-HEC517>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780142008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(97)00098-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9884.00068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1050(200010)9:7<623::AID-HEC539>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine","author":"Manning W","year":"1996"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"DS124","article-title":"What you don't know can't hurt you? 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