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Specifically, this paper estimates the percentage of the US military\u2010age population that exceeds the US Army's current active duty enlistment standards for weight\u2010for\u2010height and percent body fat, using data from the series of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys that spans 1959\u20132008. We calculate that the percentage of military\u2010age adults ineligible for enlistment because they are overweight and overfat more than doubled for men and tripled for women during that time. As of 2007\u20132008, 5.7 million men and 16.5 million women exceeded the Army's enlistment standards for weight and body fat. We document disparities across race and education in exceeding the standards and estimate that a further rise of just 1% in weight and body fat would further reduce eligibility for military service by over 850\u2009000 men and 1.3 million women. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for military recruitment and defense policy. 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