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This paper argues that the increasing availability of prescription opioids may threaten heroin sellers' profit margin and force them to find alternative methods to compensate buyers in the event of a supply shock. We investigate the 2006 fentanyl overdose episode in New Jersey and argue that the introduction of non\u2010pharmaceutical fentanyl, its spatial distribution, and the timing of overdose deaths may have been related to trends in heroin purity. Using medical examiner data, as well as data from the Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control on retail sales of prescription opioids in a negative binomial specification, we show that month\u2010to\u2010month fluctuations in heroin purity have a significant effect on fentanyl\u2010related overdoses, particularly in those areas where prescription opioids are highly available. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.2937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T06:26:50Z","timestamp":1370500010000},"page":"688-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["SUPPLY\u2010SIDE RESPONSE TO DECLINING HEROIN PURITY: FENTANYL OVERDOSE EPISODE IN NEW JERSEY"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Hempstead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University The Center for State Health Policy  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emel O.","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University Department of Economics  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.3950010104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511814365"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"The effect of variation in high\u2010level domestic drug enforcement on variation in drug prices","volume":"32","author":"Caulkins JP","year":"1998","journal-title":"Socio\u2010Economic Planning Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(93)90239-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.99.1.324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Ellenhorn\u2018s Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning","author":"Ellenhorn M","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"A Search\u2010Theoretic Model of the Retail Market for Illicit Drugs","author":"Galenianos M","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"GreeneWH.1994.Accounting for excess zeros and sample selection in poisson and negative binomial regression models. 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