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We employ a difference\u2010in\u2010differences estimation strategy by comparing the differential effects of the H1N1 outbreak on the confirmed cases of diseases which can be prevented by preventive behaviors (e.g., intestinal infections) and the cases of diseases which cannot (e.g., injuries). Using unique administrative data from South Korea\u2019s National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), we find that the exogenous increase in health risk reduced the incidence of intestinal infections compared to the injuries during the H1N1 influenza outbreak. The reduction was the most substantial among children under five years of age, with a 25.4% decline in cases of intestinal infections relative to injuries. Our findings are robust across various alternative specifications. We provide suggestive evidence that active adoption of preventive behaviors is one of the channels underlying the unexpected decrease in diarrhea cases. The effects, however, faded away shortly after the end of the pandemic and did not last in the long run.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T10:48:50Z","timestamp":1669027730000},"page":"324-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unintended health benefits of adopting preventive behaviors during a virus outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-1088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sok Chul","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5623-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of California\u2013Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seojung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of California\u2013Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2017.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm2702_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w17081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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(2010).Analysis of reported pandemic influenza(A\/H1N1 2009) virus infections in Korea \u2014 from April 2009 through August 2010 \u2014. Public health weekely report."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2010.43.2.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Lee H. Suh M. G. Jeong E. H. &Lee C.(2008).Inteonet poteolsaiteuui sahoejeok yeonghyanglyeok hwagdaee ttaleun daeeungbangan yeongu [A study on reactions to the increase in the social influence of Internet portal sites]. 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