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We study this question using four national datasets (pooled national and state Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, National Youth Tobacco Survey, Current Population Survey to Tobacco Use Supplements, and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System). We improve previous databases of vertical ID law implementation by using original archival research to identify the exact date of the law change. We estimate models using standard two\u2010way fixed effects and stacked difference\u2010in\u2010differences that avoid bias from dynamic and heterogeneous treatment effects. Using data through 2021, we do not find evidence of reductions in teenage tobacco and alcohol use. While these laws reduce retail\u2010based purchasing, they also increase social sourcing, thus leading to no net impact on use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T04:00:19Z","timestamp":1721275219000},"page":"2525-2557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of vertical identification card laws on teenage tobacco and alcohol use"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9477-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica Louis","family":"Mtenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9247-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael F.","family":"Pesko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/ajhe_a_00065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102720"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2006.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Alcohol Policy Information System. 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