{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:11:44Z","timestamp":1790230304422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Economics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The market for heated tobacco products (HTPs) has grown rapidly in recent years, and many governments have started to include HTPs in tax codes to regulate their use. Currently, the evidence on how HTP prices impact tobacco use behaviors or whether consumers consider them as economic substitutes for cigarettes is lacking. This study is the first to answer these questions with a unique database to assess the own\u2010 and cross\u2010 price elasticities of HTP and cigarette demand. We collect a unique database of quarterly retail prices and sales of heated tobacco units and comparable scale cigarettes from 2014 to 2022, available for most countries where both HTPs and cigarettes are sold, and estimate the own\u2010 and cross\u2010 price elasticities of cigarette and HTP demand using a seemingly unrelated regression model. We find that HTP demand is price elastic (i.e., sensitive to prices) and has an own\u2010price elasticity of \u22121.2 to \u22121.3, about four times greater than the own\u2010price elasticity of cigarettes, which is about \u22120.3. We also find that cigarettes and HTPs are weak economic substitutes: while HTP demand is responsive to higher cigarette prices, cigarette demand is not sensitive to HTP prices. Our results suggest that tax policies that increase HTP and cigarette prices simultaneously will reduce HTP consumption without increasing cigarette consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T03:48:55Z","timestamp":1724730535000},"page":"2708-2722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The price elasticity of heated tobacco and cigarette demand: Empirical evaluation across countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7586-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estelle","family":"Dauchy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products (REEP) School of Economics University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1924938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Microeconometrics using Stata","author":"Cameron A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Global market and taxation of heated tobacco products and cigarettes: Challenges & mapping tool to advance policy that protects public health","author":"Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","article-title":"Heated tobacco products and cigarettes taxes and prices around the world","author":"Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technical report"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.039982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Implementing the panel event study. 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(2022).World economic outlook October 2022: Countering the cost\u2010of\u2010living crisis."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol\u20102020\u2010056131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol\u20102018\u2010054602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol\u20102019\u2010055318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol\u20102018\u2010054596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"The economics of tobacco and tobacco control. Monograph 21, NIH publication no 16\u2010CA\u20108029A","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Nguyen L. P. Rosenqvist G. &Pekurinen M. J.(2012).Demand for tobacco in Europe \u2010 an econometric analysis of 11 countries for the ppacte project."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.129233.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"The effect of cigarette prices on cigarette sales: Exploring heterogeneity in price elasticities at high and low prices. NBER working papers 22251","author":"Tauras J. 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