{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:59:46Z","timestamp":1790348386834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Economics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examine public funding for health research through the United States National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center's AIDS International Training and Research Program, which sought to strengthen scientific capacity in AIDS\u2010endemic countries by providing African researchers with training opportunities in the U.S. We use a difference\u2010in\u2010differences framework with information on scientists who participated in the program and the research activities of African scientists working at their home institutions in adjacent topics of neglected tropical diseases. Relative to comparable scientists, those at institutions with returning trainees subsequently publish more on HIV\u2010related topics, receive more grant funding, engage in more clinical trials, and their work contributes to a greater number of policy documents. These patterns suggest that following the Fogarty program, research, innovation, and health policy related to the AIDS epidemic in African countries became more active.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T17:15:06Z","timestamp":1768151706000},"page":"730-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Return on Returns: Building Scientific Capacity in AIDS Endemic Countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Fry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Industrial Relations Shidler College of Business University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa  Honolulu Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Ganguli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022050700046209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2021.1905622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_01165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfineco.2022.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Becker G. S.1964. \u201cHuman Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis With Special Reference to Education.\u201dColumbia University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u201013\u2010770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjs015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44155\u2010023\u201000051\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20181169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102016\u2010012332"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2022.1580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_01096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/679741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/app.20160180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"How Does Return Migration Impact Knowledge Production? Evidence From China\u2019s Thousand Talents Program","author":"Ganguli I.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3440244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2011.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2118401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/262002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_00490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.90.3.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.4648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"Strong Medicine: Creating Incentives for Pharmaceutical Research on Neglected Diseases","author":"Kremer M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1744133116000451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/app.20180518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.25.2.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/261725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in a Global Economy","author":"Saxenian A.L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","unstructured":"Schumpeter J.1942.Capitalism socialism and democracy825:82\u201385."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1926047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","article-title":"Global Investments in R and D","author":"UNESCO","year":"2020","journal-title":"UNESCO fact sheet no. 59"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073\u2010017\u20100045\u20108"}],"container-title":["Health Economics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hec.70079","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hec.70079","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hec.70079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:17:22Z","timestamp":1775456242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hec.70079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hec.70079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.70079","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-9230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}