{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:37:26Z","timestamp":1791405446097,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72103038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72103038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Economics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is the first to estimate the effects of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit contractions on mental health. We leverage a unique quasi\u2010natural experiment: early termination of the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation (FPUC) and Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) programs across more than 20 states during the summer of 2021. Using high\u2010frequency data from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey (HPS), our difference\u2010in\u2010differences estimates suggest that early withdrawal from FPUC and PUA increases the probability of reporting anxiety symptoms among working\u2010age adults without a college degree, a group particularly vulnerable to unexpected income shocks. The adverse effects are more pronounced among racial and ethnic minorities, older individuals, and women. However, the increase in anxiety symptoms is short\u2010lived, persisting for about 1\u00a0month after the benefit cessation. Finally, we find evidence that financial hardship is a likely mechanism underlying these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T03:20:43Z","timestamp":1781580043000},"page":"1382-1396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Unemployment Insurance Benefit Cuts on Mental Health: Evidence From Early Pandemic Program Expirations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International School of Economics and Management Capital University of Economics and Business  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2680-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizhong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of West Georgia  Carrollton Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5284-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuezhu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Insurance and Economics University of International Business and Economics  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal V. J.Cantor N.Sood andC.Whaley.2021. \u201cThe Impact of the COVID\u201019 Vaccine Distribution on Mental Health Outcomes.\u201d NBER Working Paper 29593.","DOI":"10.3386\/w29593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2023.104996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Albert S. O.Lofton N.Petrosky\u2010Nadeau andR.Valletta.2022. \u201cUnemployment Insurance Withdrawal.\u201d FRBSF Economic Letter 2022\u201009."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2019.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Arbogast I. andB.Dupor.2023. \u201cThe Jobs Effect of Ending Pandemic Unemployment Benefits: A State\u2010Level Analysis.\u201d SSRN Working Paper 4213346."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ej\/ueae051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606604114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.7048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/rsf.2023.9.3.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2022.104713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanchard O.andB.Bernanke.2023. \u201cWhat Caused the Pandemic\u2010Era Inflation?\u201d NBER Working Paper 31417.","DOI":"10.3386\/w31417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdae007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20211218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2024.102940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20160094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bejeap\u20102022\u20100200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/722556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coombs K.2024. \u201cCrowding out Crowd Support? Substitution Between Formal and Informal Insurance.\u201d SSRN Working Paper 4996008.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4996008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20221009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2022.102676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.100.1.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Currie J.2004. \u201cThe Jobs Effect of Ending Pandemic Unemployment Benefits: A State\u2010Level Analysis.\u201d NBER Working Paper 10488."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.19759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2023.105480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjad044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dettling L. andK.Melissa.2023. \u201cThe Cyclicality of Births and Babies\u2019 Health Revisited: Evidence From Unemployment Insurance.\u201d NBER Working Paper 30937.","DOI":"10.3386\/w30937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2020.102372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dube A.2021. \u201cAggregate Employment Effects of Unemployment Benefits During Deep Downturns: Evidence From the Expiration of the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation.\u201d NBER Working Paper 28470.","DOI":"10.3386\/w28470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.50.4.873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","unstructured":"Flamang N. andS.Kancherla.2023. \u201cUnemployment Insurance as a Financial Stabilizer: Evidence From Large Benefit Expansions.\u201d Working Paper."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman S. A.Hollingsworth K.Simon andC.Wing.2023. \u201cDesigning Difference in Difference Studies With Staggered Treatment Adoption: Key Concepts and Practical Guidelines.\u201d NBER Working Paper 31842.","DOI":"10.3386\/w31842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20220973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148\u2010024\u201001000\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","unstructured":"Gardner J.2022. \u201cTwo\u2010Stage Difference\u2010in\u2010Differences.\u201d arXiv Working Paper 2207.05943."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannone D. andG.Primiceri.2024. \u201cThe Drivers of Post\u2010Pandemic Inflation.\u201d NBER Working Paper 32859.","DOI":"10.3386\/w32859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1474747223000069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2021.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/mac.20200239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamdi N. A.Kalda andD.Sovich.2023. \u201cBetween a Rock and a Hard Place: The Costs and Benefits of Expanded Unemployment Insurance Benefits.\u201d SSRN Working Paper 4678461.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4539650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecin.13180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20140989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/699973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/708929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2020.102414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.121.4.1133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_00865"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.52.2.1014\u20106727r1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2023.102801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdaa006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199801153380307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.51.2.0414\u20106298r1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.4.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer B. J.Han andJ.Sullivan.2024. \u201cPoverty Hardship and Government Transfers.\u201d NBER Working Paper 33052.","DOI":"10.3386\/w33052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizushima Y.andD.Powell.2025. \u201cInference With Modern Difference\u2010in\u2010Differences Methods.\u201d SSRN Working Paper 5221387.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5221387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20150528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2024.102899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.2016.1227711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park S. K.\u2010M.Lee andJ.Earle.2024. \u201cDeath Without Benefits: Unemployment Insurance Re\u2010Employment and the Spread of Covid.\u201d SSRN Working Paper 4855532.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4855532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.2018.1462710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","volume-title":"COVID\u201019 US State Policy Database","author":"Raifman J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdad018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2023.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.2971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroecorev.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0140525x09991075"}],"container-title":["Health Economics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hec.70122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hec.70122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hec.70122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T17:27:38Z","timestamp":1785605258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hec.70122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hec.70122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.70122","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-9230","1099-1050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-9230","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1050","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}