{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:41:47Z","timestamp":1785404507606,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,2]],"date-time":"2002-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interpretation of parathyroid fine\u2010needle aspirates (FNA) remains problematic not only because this type of specimen is rare but also because the pertinent literature is very limited. We systematically reviewed parathyroid FNAs in our files and sought to delineate additional diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review of all thyroid and parathyroid aspirates from January 1990 to June 1998 disclosed 12 parathyroid lesions. The final diagnoses included four parathyroid adenomas, one intrathyroidal hyperplastic parathyroid, one intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma, one atypical parathyroid adenoma (all confirmed by histologic screening or immunocytochemistry), and five parathyroid cysts (all confirmed by immunoassay). Papanicolaou and Diff Quik\u2013stained smears of the parathyroid FNAs were reviewed. The cytologic features were compared and contrasted with those of thyroid FNAs to establish criteria for differential diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FNAs of the five parathyroid cysts yielded virtually acellular fluid with a characteristic water\u2010clear appearance and markedly elevated levels of parathyroid hormone. The remaining seven aspirates consisted of moderately cellular smears that showed an admixture of architectural features. Common patterns included cohesive three\u2010dimensional groups, disorganized sheets, papillary fragments, microfollicles, and a single case showing lymphoidlike smears. Although the cells were generally small and round to oval, all cases demonstrated mild to moderate anisokaryosis. The nuclei were hyperchromatic Ewith coarsely granular chromatin reminiscent of that of small lymphocytes. Occasional nucleoli were noted. Although the cytoplasm was usually pale blue and finely granular with ill\u2010defined borders, two cases showed well\u2010delineated cytoplasmic membranes. Less common findings included cytoplasmic granulation, vacuolization, and rare oxyphilic cells. Naked nuclei were noted in the background of all of the aspirates to varying degrees. Other background findings included the presence of colloidlike material, macrophages, and lymphocytes. One interesting finding that to date has not been reported is the presence of nuclear overlapping (100%) and nuclear molding (71%), which is an uncommon finding in thyroid aspirates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FNAs of the parathyroid can be easily confused with that of the thyroid, not only because of the clinical similarity between these two types of lesions but also because of the overlap in cytomorphologic features of the aspirated cells. Although no one single cytomorphologic feature is diagnostic, a combination of cytologic parameters noted earlier should raise the possibility of a parathyroid lesion. Aspirates of parathyroid cysts show acellular water\u2010clear fluid with elevated parathyroid hormone measurements. \u00a9 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,28]],"date-time":"2004-10-28T00:30:41Z","timestamp":1098923441000},"page":"157-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Parathyroid cytology: Avoiding diagnostic pitfalls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kimberly J.","family":"Absher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luan D.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal K.","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Ramzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.3.6878704"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199706)16:6<476::AID-DC2>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(95)90068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02841859109177594"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.155.1.3883415"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/86.6.776"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"Immunoperoxidase confirmation of parathyroid origin of ultrasound\u2010guided fine needle aspirates of the parathyroid glands","volume":"31","author":"Winkler B","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840020116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"747","article-title":"Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration of the parathyroid: a report of two cases","volume":"37","author":"Kini U","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of cystic parathyroid lesions: a cytomorphologic overlap with cystic lesions of the thyroid","volume":"35","author":"Layfield LJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Parathyroid adenoma diagnosed as papillary carcinoma of thyroid on needles aspiration smears","volume":"27","author":"Friedman M","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"688","article-title":"Cytomorphology of a mediastinal parathyroid cyst: report of a case mimicking malignancy","volume":"27","author":"Marco V","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.163.5.7976905"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"192","article-title":"Cytologic presentation of thyroid tumors in aspiration biopsy smear: a review of 60 cases","volume":"18","author":"L\u00f6whagen T","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"728","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology in the preoperative diagnosis of ultrasonically enlarged parathyroid glands","volume":"35","author":"Halbauer M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of parathyroid adenoma: a review of seven cases","volume":"30","author":"Mincione GP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01654924"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.6.1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","first-page":"420","article-title":"Needle aspiration of nonfunctioning parathyroid cysts","volume":"56","author":"Prinz RA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Surgeon"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Localization, tissue verification, and percutaneous treatment of parathyroid tumors","volume":"42","author":"Karstrup S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; 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