{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:49:28Z","timestamp":1761540568121},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,8]],"date-time":"2001-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":997228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A balance between urokinase\u2010type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its main inhibitor type\u20101 (PAI\u20101) appears to be important for cancer invasive behavior. Since uPA\/PAI\u20101 system seems to be regulated by transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u03b21) in different cell types, our aim was to investigate the relationship between the expression of the three genes and lymph node status in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) at specific sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>uPA, PAI\u20101, and TGF\u03b21 mRNAs were determined by Northern analysis in tumor, and paired normal mucosa samples were obtained from 91 operable HNSCC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In oral cavity, excluding tongue, TGF\u03b21, PAI\u20101, and uPA mRNAs values were consistently lower in the normal tissues than in tumors. In larynx tumors, TGF\u03b21 expression was increased, but no statistically significant differences were found for uPA or PAI\u20101 mRNAs as compared with normal tissues. Tongue tumors overexpressed only uPA mRNA, and uPA levels showed significant parallel variations with TGF\u03b21 and PAI\u20101 mRNAs mainly in pN+ tumors. In oral cavity tumors, an inverse correlation between TGF\u03b21 and uPA was observed in pN0 subgroup, elevated uPA mRNA was counterbalanced by high PAI\u20101 mRNA TGF\u03b21, and PAI\u20101 were not coordinately expressed. Correlations between the three markers were not found in larynx. Hypopharynx tumors, all staged as pN+, expressed the lowest TGF\u03b21 mRNA mean values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combined information about TGF\u03b21, uPA, and PAI\u20101 mRNAs may add some clues to the understanding of the pathophysiological role of uPA system in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. \u00a9 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. 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