{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:13:18Z","timestamp":1770822798188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,14]],"date-time":"2004-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1084492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of subtypes categorized by immunophenotypic analysis in primary sinonasal lymphomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty patients with localized non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the nasal cavity and\/or paranasal sinuses were divided into three subtypes on the basis of their immunohistochemical findings: (A) B\u2010cell lymphoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19), (B) T\u2010cell lymphoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27), and (C) natural killer (NK)\/T\u2010cell lymphoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 34). The clinicopathologic profiles, immunophenotypic data, patterns of treatment failure, and survival data among the three patient groups were retrospectively compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nasal cavity was the predominant site of involvement in T\u2010cell and NK\/T\u2010cell lymphoma, whereas sinus involvement without nasal disease was common in B\u2010cell lymphoma. Systemic B symptoms were frequently observed in NK\/T\u2010cell lymphoma. Almost all patients with NK\/T\u2010cell lymphoma showed a strong association with the Epstein\u2010Barr virus by in situ hybridization studies. Sixty\u2010five patients (81%) patients achieved complete remission after initial treatment, but 36 (55%) of these subsequently experienced treatment failure. Although there were no significant differences in locoregional failure rates among the patients of the three groups, distant failure was far more common in B\u2010cell or NK\/T\u2010cell lymphoma than in T\u2010cell lymphoma (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .005). Most B\u2010cell lymphoma cases showed a predilection for sites of systemic failure in the nodal and extranodal sites below the diaphragm, such as the paraaortic lymph nodes or the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas patients with NK\/T\u2010cell lymphoma showed an increased risk of systemic dissemination to the skin, testes, or GI tract, including the development of hemophagocytic syndrome. The 5\u2010year actuarial and disease\u2010free survival rates for all patients were 57% and 51%, respectively. Of the three subtypes of primary sinonasal lymphomas, T\u2010cell lymphoma seemed to carry the most favorable prognosis and NK\/T\u2010cell lymphoma the worst. (The 5\u2010year actuarial survival rate was 57% for B\u2010cell lymphoma, 80% for T\u2010cell lymphoma, 37% for NK\/T\u2010cell lymphoma; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .02, log\u2010rank.) By univariate and multivariate analyses, immunophenotype was identified as the most important prognostic factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicate that the three subtypes of primary sinonasal lymphomas classified by immunohistochemical studies exhibit different clinical profiles, different patterns of failure, and different treatment outcomes. Given these observations, it is concluded that the recognition of these distinct subsets, diagnosed on the basis of immunophenotypic study, is very important and clinically relevant in predicting their potential behavior and prognosis. \u00a9 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. <jats:italic>Head Neck<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>26:<\/jats:bold> 584\u2013593, 2004<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,14]],"date-time":"2004-05-14T19:00:52Z","timestamp":1084561252000},"page":"584-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Clinical relevance of three subtypes of primary sinonasal lymphoma characterized by immunophenotypic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gwi Eon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woong Sub","family":"Koom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo\u2010Ick","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Chang","family":"Keum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Geol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Ok","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee Sook","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Kyung","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo Hang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410301116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199911000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90150-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1361.1361"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199601000-00012","article-title":"Report of the workshop on nasal and related extranodal angiocentric T\/Natural Killer cell lymphomas: definitions, differential diagnosis and epidemiology","volume":"20","author":"Jaffe ES","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.12.3835"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/96.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.4.1466.bloodjournal8741466","article-title":"CD5\u2010 CD56+ T\u2010cell receptor silent peripheral T\u2010cell lymphomas are natural killer cell lymphomas","volume":"87","author":"Emile JF","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.4.1474.bloodjournal8741474","article-title":"Natural killer\u2010like T cell lymphoma; 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