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Radiotherapy doses to the hypothalamus and pituitary were estimated by reconstructing treatment plans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical hypopituitarism was observed in 44 (14.1%) patients after a median interval of 5.6 years. Hypothalamic dysfunction was reported in 14 patients after a median interval of 4.4 years. Neither fractionation nor adjuvant chemotherapy significantly impacted clinical hypopituitarism on multivariate analysis, but total dose to the pituitary was significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= .0228). Twenty\u2010three of 68 (33.8%) patients tested for hypopituitarism demonstrated subclinical hypopituitarism. The 5\u2010 and 10\u2010year rates of freedom from clinical hypopituitarism were 93% and 72%. The 5\u2010 and 10\u2010year rates of freedom from subclinical hypopituitarism were 85% and 65%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical and subclinical manifestations of late radiation toxicity were observed in the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary axis. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]],"date-time":"2008-04-29T17:51:44Z","timestamp":1209491504000},"page":"1182-1192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hypopituitarism after radiotherapy for extracranial head and neck cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Niranjan","family":"Bhandare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Malyapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Mendenhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-14-8-859"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-6-771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"145","article-title":"Hypopituitarism following external radiotherapy for pituitary tumours in adults","volume":"70","author":"Littley MD","year":"1989","journal-title":"QJ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-3-418"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(82)90442-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80137-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.156.3.1899763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Imaging white matter tracts and nuclei of the hypothalamus: an MR\u2010anatomic comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Miller MJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Heavily T2\u2010weighted MR imaging of white matter tracts in the hypothalamus: normal and pathologic demonstrations","volume":"22","author":"Saeki N","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life tables\u2014series B (methodological)","volume":"34","author":"Cox DR","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"967","article-title":"Irradiation of the normal human hypophysis in malignancy: report of three cases receiving 8, 100\u201310,000 R tissue dose to the pituitary gland","volume":"11","author":"Kelly KH","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.4.3.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(66)80043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5846.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1971.00310210045002","article-title":"Conventional radiation therapy in acromegaly. 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