{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:21:46Z","timestamp":1777047706673,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is extensive evidence that electrosurgical current application increases hemorrhage when compared with \u201ccold\u201d dissection and hemostasis. The way that the \u201chot\u201d technique is used may influence the outcome decisively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temperature\u2010time functions were measured in distances of 3 to 12 mm underneath the surface at which bipolar electrosurgical current was applied. Measurements were made in human cadaver, excised pig tissues, and pig animal models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bipolar current causes Joule heating in distances of several millimeters. A single maximum power pulse of 1 second increased the temperature in the muscle in 3 and 6 mm distance to 90\u00b0 and 65\u00b0C, respectively; similar accumulated thermal effects were detected for a series of low\u2010 and medium\u2010power pulses, too.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Joule heating is primarily responsible for unintended thermal damages. Severe damages can easily occur even in several millimeters distance from the forceps tips. Utmost caution is also advised at low power setting when current is applied repetitively. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.22986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T03:01:54Z","timestamp":1335150114000},"page":"535-540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Tissue penetration of bipolar electrosurgical currents: Joule overheating beyond the surface layer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Walter","family":"Habermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200105000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1535-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2007.01529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2006.01162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000161361.66191.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16896-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59980300729-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1541-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0699-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(02)80121-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1910.sp001378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1911.sp001456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1912.sp001535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1912.sp001551"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200012)44:6<873::AID-MRM8>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6092-7_17"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhed.22986","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.22986","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T06:35:20Z","timestamp":1697610920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hed.22986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hed.22986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.22986","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717097852.792402803","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1043-3074","1097-0347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-3074","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]}}}