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The effect of early physical therapy in the form of intensive scapular strengthening exercises is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 59 neck dissection participants were prospectively recruited for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32), consisting of progressive scapular strengthening exercises for 12 weeks, or the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29). Blinded assessment occurred at baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010month data were collected on 52 participants\/53 shoulders. Per\u2010protocol analysis demonstrated that the intervention group had statistically significantly higher active shoulder abduction at 3 months compared to the control group (+26.6\u00b0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.28\u201345.95; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intervention is a favorable treatment for maximizing shoulder abduction in the short term. The effect of the intervention compared to usual care is uncertain in the longer term. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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