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The underlying nicotine\u2010mediated mechanism remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An analysis of SCC\u201025 and Fadu cells with or without NNK exposure focusing on the evaluation of migration and invasion abilities, the expression of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, drug\u2010resistance\u2010related genes, properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and anti\u2010apoptosis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term NNK exposure enhances migration and invasion with morphological alterations in a dose\u2010dependently manner. Furthermore, NNK exposure also upregulates Snail, promotes sphere\u2010forming ability, and overexpresses aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), Nanog, OCT4, ABCG2, and MDR1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study confirmed that long\u2010term NNK exposure plays a role in HNSCC by increasing anti\u2010apoptosis and therapeutic resistance via the Snail\u2010RKIP signaling pathway. Our data also suggest that \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (\u03b17\u2010nAChR) inhibition or targeting Snail may provide a feasible rationale for preventing the progression of HNSCC. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. <jats:italic>Head Neck<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>37:<\/jats:bold> 1712\u20131721, 2015<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T10:46:25Z","timestamp":1404297985000},"page":"1712-1721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Regulation of tumor progression via the Snail\u2010RKIP signaling pathway by nicotine exposure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shin","family":"Nieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate School of Pathology National Defense Medical Center &amp; Tri\u2010Service General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Wen","family":"Jao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery National Defense Medical Center &amp; 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