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We centered our study on the transcriptional activation of NF\u2010\u03baB pathway, previously linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that acidic\u2010bile salts induce: (1) NF\u2010\u03baB activation with high cytoplasmic Bcl\u20102 expression; (2) significant increase in expression v\u2010rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA(p65)), v\u2010rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog (c\u2010REL) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), isoform of transformation related protein p63 (\u0394Np63), B\u2010cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl\u20102), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and wingless type MMTV integration site family member 5A (WNT5A) and a decrease in tumor protein p53 (Tp53); and (3) phenotypic changes that are similar to the phenotype of the untreated hypopharyngeal cancer cell line, University of Michigan squamous cell carcinoma (UMSCC)\u201011B. These changes are not seen when cells were exposed to neutral control or acid alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings in vitro are consistent with the hypothesis that gastroduodenal reflux plays a role in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis and its effect is mediated through activation of NF\u2010\u03baB pathway. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. <jats:italic>Head Neck<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>38<\/jats:bold>: E1381\u2013E1391, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,11]],"date-time":"2015-11-11T14:48:40Z","timestamp":1447253320000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["In vitro model for gastroduodenal reflux\u2013induced nuclear factor\u2010kappaB activation and its role in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Clarence T.","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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