{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:24:02Z","timestamp":1773818642878,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimally invasive endoscopic endonasal approaches to the ventral skull base have evolved considerably over the past several years. However, where there is a lateral extension of tumors as far as the parapharyngeal spaces with inferior extension below the level of the soft palate, limitations remain for an exclusive transnasal approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combined endoscopic\u2010assisted transnasal\u2010transoral\u2010transpharyngeal multiportal approach was performed to resect selected skull base malignancies that could not be adequately managed using a single approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three cases of skull base cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, polymorphous low\u2010grade adenocarcinoma, and high\u2010grade osteosarcoma) were suitable for such an approach. In all cases, a radical resection was obtained without major complications and with minimal morbidity for the patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transnasal, transoral, and transpharyngeal surgical windows are complementary approaches that, when combined, provide excellent exposure for selected skull base malignancies that have extended too laterally and inferiorly to allow an exclusively transnasal approach. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, <jats:italic>Head Neck<\/jats:italic> 38: E2440\u2013E2445, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T14:18:06Z","timestamp":1454941086000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Multiportal combined transnasal transoral transpharyngeal endoscopic approach for selected skull base cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Turri\u2013Zanoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV) University of Insubria, Azienda Ospedaliero\u2013Universitaria Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi Varese Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery &amp; 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