{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:27:40Z","timestamp":1773664060859,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007206","name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000445 from NCATS\/NIH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000445 from NCATS\/NIH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007206","name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013017","name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTC) is rising among those under age 50 years. The etiology is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 395 cases of OTC diagnosed and\/or treated at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 2000 and 2017 were identified. Of those, 113 (28.6%) were early onset (age &lt; 50\u2009years). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with early onset OTC. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated survival and recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to typical onset patients, patients with early onset OTC were more likely to receive multimodality treatment (surgery and radiation; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2\u20106.3) and report a history of snuff use (aOR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8\u201015.8) and were less likely to report a history of cigarette use (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2\u20100.9). Early onset patients had better overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.6).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the largest study to evaluate factors associated with early onset OTC and the first to report an association with snuff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T14:43:03Z","timestamp":1547217783000},"page":"1952-1960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Early onset oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: Associated factors and patient outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1750-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney B.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Netterville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Sinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0866-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Langerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Mannion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"James S.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy L.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystle A.","family":"Lang Kuhs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 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