{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:59:33Z","timestamp":1774601973760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the two\u2010dimensional (2D) characteristics of flaps necessary to create three\u2010dimensional (3D) tongue anatomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dissection of 11 fresh, nonpreserved human cadavers was performed. Six defects in each were created: total tongue, total oral tongue, hemiglossectomy, oral hemiglossectomy, total base of tongue, and hemi\u2010base of tongue. The resections were debulked to create flat, 2D mucosal flaps. The dimensions and shapes of these flaps were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each specimen showed consistent dimensions and geometry between cadavers. The total tongue was pear\u2010shaped, the total oral tongue was egg\u2010shaped, the oral hemi\u2010tongue was bullet\u2010shaped, the hemi\u2010tongue resembled a dagger, the total base of tongue was rectangular, and the hemi\u2010base of tongue was hour\u2010glass shaped.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Typical dimensions and shapes of common tongue defects were determined. It is conceivable that customizing reconstructive flaps based on these data will increase the accuracy of neo\u2010tongue reconstruction, and thus, improve functional outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1564135180000},"page":"3693-3699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tongue reconstruction: Rebuilding mobile three\u2010dimensional structures from immobile two\u2010dimensional substrates, a fresh cadaver study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"R Michael","family":"Baskin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Seikaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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