{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:51:26Z","timestamp":1783428686133,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a critical element of swallowing. Understanding the functional pharyngeal anatomy during UES opening would be clinically useful for dysphagia evaluation and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous high\u2010resolution pharyngeal manometry and videofluoroscopy (VFS) videos for 18 nondysphagic subjects were evaluated. UES pressure readings were segmented into six pressure phases, including a poorly understood pre\u2010relaxation contraction. Anatomic landmarks were tracked in VFS imaging and evaluated morphometrically to determine the movement of key swallowing structures within each UES pressure phase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant differences in pharyngeal mechanics by UES pressure stage (range of <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\u2010values = 1.7\u20102.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.0001). The soft palate maximally elevates during the pre\u2010relaxation contraction of the UES. Early during UES relaxation, the hyolaryngeal complex and pharyngeal structures maximally elevate and pharyngeal structures constrict around the bolus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanics underlying the UES pressure wave suggest generation of a sealed pharyngeal cavity, possibly integral to pharyngeal pressure generation and bolus propulsion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T13:12:58Z","timestamp":1575551578000},"page":"467-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pharyngeal swallowing mechanics associated with upper esophageal sphincter pressure wave"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nelson H.","family":"May","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate W.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Language Pathologist, Evelyn Trammell Institute for Voice and Swallowing Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr,","given":"William G.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology &amp; Anatomy Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University  Augusta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University  Augusta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1293-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashli K.","family":"O'Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Evelyn Trammell Institute for Voice and Swallowing, Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90288-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"G748","article-title":"Opening mechanisms of the human upper esophageal sphincter","volume":"257","author":"Cook IJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90290-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9743-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Movements of the tongue in swallowing","volume":"80","author":"Whillis J","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91078-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"G911","article-title":"Videoradiographic, manometric, and electromyographic analysis of canine upper esophageal sphincter","volume":"260","author":"Lang IM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518502600511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)34296-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9744-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9866-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9185-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.11.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","article-title":"A novel imaging analysis method for capturing pharyngeal constriction during swallowing","volume":"1","author":"Schwertner RW","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Imaging Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2015.1046190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","article-title":"Visualizing hyolaryngeal mechanics in swallowing using dynamic MRI","author":"Pearson WG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng Imaging Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"G1057","article-title":"Function of upper esophageal sphincter during swallowing: the grabbing effect","volume":"272","author":"Pouderoux P","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00388.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00030.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25957"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816645765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131809700822"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00081.2006"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; 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