{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:56:18Z","timestamp":1792151778017,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head & Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The infratemporal fossa (ITF) represents an area densely packed with neurovascular structures within irregular boundaries. The goal of this study was to classify the ITF into zones corresponding to its anatomical spaces and the order in which they are encountered during an endonasal approach (anteroposterior axis).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Six cadaveric specimens (12 sides) with injected colored latex were dissected. Following an endoscopic medial maxillectomy and Denker's approach, a progressive exploration of the masticator space and upper parapharyngeal space was completed. A classification of the ITF based on well\u2010defined spaces was ascertained.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The ITF was divided into five zones:\n \n \n Zone 1 (retromaxillary space)\u2014space lying between the posterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus and the temporalis and pterygoid muscles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n Zone 2 (superior interpterygoid space)\u2014area including the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, V\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n , and foramen ovale.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Zone 3 (inferior interpterygoid space)\u2014includes the inferior head of lateral pterygoid muscle, medial pterygoid, and temporalis muscles, and the space enclosed by these muscles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Zone 4 (temporo\u2010masseteric space)\u2014space lateral to the temporalis muscle (comprising fat mostly).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Zone 5 (tubopharyngeal space)\u2014includes the Eustachian tube, tensor, and levator veli palatini muscles, and structures in upper parapharyngeal space.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The ITF can be visualized as five zones based on spaces enclosed by the masticator muscles and upper parapharyngeal structures. This novel classification system is useful to guide endoscopic approaches to the ITF, while decreasing the potential for injury of neurovascular structures and pterygoid muscles.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T07:41:25Z","timestamp":1577432485000},"page":"846-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Anatomy based corridors to the infratemporal fossa: Implications for endoscopic approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head & Neck Surgery The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Nyall R.","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head & Neck Surgery The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head & Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH, Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Prevedello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head & Neck Surgery The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo L.","family":"Carrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head & Neck Surgery The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery The James Cancer Hospital at the Wexner Medical Center of The Ohio State University Columbus 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