{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:47:15Z","timestamp":1790491635394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) is a highly contagious zoonosis produced by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 that is spread human\u2010to\u2010human by respiratory secretions. It was declared by the WHO as a public health emergency. The most susceptible populations, needing mechanical ventilation, are the elderly and people with associated comorbidities. There is an important risk of contagion for anesthetists, dentists, head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists. Health workers represent between 3.8% and 20% of the infected population; some 15% will develop severe complaints and among them, many will lose their lives. A large number of patients do not have overt signs and symptoms (fever\/respiratory), yet pose a real risk to surgeons (who should know this fact and must therefore apply respiratory protective strategies for all patients they encounter). All interventions that have the potential to aerosolize aerodigestive secretions should be avoided or used only when mandatory. Health workers who are: pregnant, over 55 to 65\u2009years of age, with a history of chronic diseases (uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and all clinical scenarios where immunosuppression is feasible, including that induced to treat chronic inflammatory conditions and organ transplants) should avoid the clinical attention of a potentially infected patient. Health care facilities should prioritize urgent and emergency visits and procedures until the present condition stabilizes; truly elective care should cease and discussed on a case\u2010by\u2010case basis for patients with cancer. For those who are working with COVID\u201019 infected patients' isolation is compulsory in the following settings: (a) unprotected close contact with COVID\u201019 pneumonia patients; (b) onset of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms (gastrointestinal complaints, anosmia, and dysgeusia have been reported in a minority of cases). For any care or intervention in the upper aerodigestive tract region, irrespective of the setting and a confirmed diagnosis (eg, rhinoscopy or flexible laryngoscopy in the outpatient setting and tracheostomy or rigid endoscopy under anesthesia), it is strongly recommended that all health care personnel wear personal protective equipment such as N95, gown, cap, eye protection, and gloves. The procedures described are essential in trying to maintain safety of health care workers during COVID\u201019 pandemic. In particular, otolaryngologists, head and neck, and maxillofacial surgeons are per se exposed to the greatest risk of infection while caring for COVID\u201019 positive subjects, and their protection should be considered a priority in the present circumstances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T07:30:08Z","timestamp":1586417408000},"page":"1259-1267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":212,"title":["<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic: Effects and evidence\u2010based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz P.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Department University of Sao Paulo Medical School  Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology A C Camargo Cancer Center  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5563-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Sanabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine Universidad de Antioquia, Centro de Excelencia en Cirugia de Cabeza y Cuello\u2010CEXCA  Medellin Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Ridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Section, Department of Surgical Oncology Fox Chase Cancer Center  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Tong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7128-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remco","family":"de Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Udine School of Medicine  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4784-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert P.","family":"Takes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti A.","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre L.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Screening Group International Agency for Research in Cancer. 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