{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:10:01Z","timestamp":1790424601597,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide a clinical disease state review of recent relevant literature and to generate expert consensus statements regarding the breadth of pediatric thyroid cancer diagnosis and care, with an emphasis on thyroid surgery. To generate expert statements to educate pediatric practitioners on the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art practices and the value of surgical experience in the management of this unusual and challenging disease in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted and statements were constructed and subjected to a modified Delphi process to measure the consensus of the expert author panel. The wording of statements, voting tabulation, and statistical analysis were overseen by a Delphi expert (J.J.S.).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five consensus statements were created and subjected to a modified Delphi analysis to measure the strength of consensus of the expert author panel. All statements reached a level of consensus, and the majority of statements reached the highest level of consensus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric thyroid cancer has many unique nuances, such as bulky cervical adenopathy on presentation, an increased incidence of diffuse sclerosing variant, and a longer potential lifespan to endure potential complications from treatment. Complications can be a burden to parents and patients alike. We suggest that optimal outcomes and decreased morbidity will come from the use of advanced imaging, diagnostic testing, and neural monitoring of patients treated at high\u2010volume centers by high\u2010volume surgeons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T05:20:31Z","timestamp":1609564831000},"page":"1027-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) and the American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section (AHNS\u2010ES) on Pediatric Benign and Malignant Thyroid Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Brendan C.","family":"Stack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine  Springfield Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Twining","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Partners Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes Center  Scarborough Maine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Rastatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Anne &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Angelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubair","family":"Baloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Diercks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Faquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kazahaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Rivkees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Sheyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery LeBonheur Children's Hospital, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center  Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pushpa","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Pittsburgh Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Wassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory W.","family":"Randolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26794-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"The Delphi Method: an Experimental Study of Group Opinion","author":"Dalkey NC","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.9.3.458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812463848"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Cancer stat facts: thyroid cancer.National Cancer Institute. Accessed January 1 2020.https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/thyro.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2017.92.3.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181dfb245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.1641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e31818a64af"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-008-9045-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001622-200101000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2010.0040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.5297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-004-4026-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2350\/15-07-1667-OA.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10090723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2350\/15-05-1638-OA.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/mcs.a002568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018171170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.7.751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.32.7.1319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.20099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100080403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.06.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4151-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3304-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.1.00880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.10410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1669-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0364-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.08.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815596341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2008.520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9483-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.4796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP14462.DSC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3846-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816634627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.2503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.04.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199809000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.03.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-6-1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3042-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017170059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-4023-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-016-0709-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13111057"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"Minimizing the long\u2010term effects of ionizing radiation in pediatric computed tomography examinations","volume":"87","author":"Darnell K","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiol Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000461"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817697189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-2129-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmu.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.0321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2014.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-006-0837-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.09.042"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.26586","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hed.26586","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.26586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T12:20:07Z","timestamp":1693311607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hed.26586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hed.26586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.26586","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-3074","1097-0347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-3074","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}