{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:43:07Z","timestamp":1786977787872,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) techniques have evolved over the past decade into intermittent IONM (I\u2010IONM) and continuous IONM (C\u2010IONM) modes of application. Despite many prior publications on both types of IONM, there remains uncertainty about what outcomes should be measured for each form of IONM. The primary objective of this paper is to define categories of benefit for I\u2010IONM\/C\u2010IONM and to clarify and standardize their reporting outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expert review consensus statement utilizing modified Delphi methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>I\u2010IONM provides diagnosis, classification, and prevention of nerve injury through accurate and early nerve identification. C\u2010IONM provides real\u2010time information on nerve functional integrity and thus may prevent some types of nerve injury but cannot assist in nerve localization. Sudden mechanisms of nerve injury cannot be predicted or prevented by either technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>I\u2010IONM and C\u2010IONM are complementary techniques. Future studies evaluating the utility of IONM should focus on outcomes that are appropriate to the type of IONM being utilized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T07:10:18Z","timestamp":1638342618000},"page":"460-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clarifying optimal outcome measures in intermittent and continuous laryngeal neuromonitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7129-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine F.","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Buczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cottril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Angelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6062-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Barczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine Surgery Jagiellonian University Medical College  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5423-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen S.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Makarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg State University Hospital  Saint Petersburg Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Musholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine Surgery Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Scharpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery Martin Luther University of Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan C.","family":"Stack Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Tellez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Mount Sinai Hospital  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Tolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle","family":"Woodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1052-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Che Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Randolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Loss of signal in recurrent nerve neuromonitoring: causes and management","volume":"4","author":"Wu CW","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3415-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury in thyroid surgery: lessons learned from the intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM)","volume":"1","author":"Wu CW","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intl J Head Neck Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28710"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"D.Chadwick R.Kinsman P.WaltonBAETS Fifth National Audit Report of the British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons.2017.Dendrite Clinical Systems Ltd 28\u2010106."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0316-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9483-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Nerve injuries","volume":"31","author":"Seddon H","year":"1965","journal-title":"Med Bull (Ann Arbor)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880130903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2239-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.06.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2020.1805055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-004-7348-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139207100604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.3.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1743-9191(13)60031-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813504735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182128b9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24823"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-2372-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1853-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3288-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611501008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1976.00780120048004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0351-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2019.11.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3139-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3368-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4277-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-016-1433-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2016.11.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(10)70097-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Continuous intraoperative Neuromonitoring (C\u2010IONM) technique with the automatic periodic stimulating (APS) accessory for conventional and endoscopic thyroid surgery","volume":"26","author":"Dionigi G","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-018-0593-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-2260-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1739-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for recurrent laryngeal nerve protection: comparison of intermittent and continuous nerve stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Jonas J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211011062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaa081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs5.50310"}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.26946","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hed.26946","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.26946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T22:57:11Z","timestamp":1693177031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hed.26946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hed.26946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.26946","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-3074","1097-0347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-3074","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}