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We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding HNL assessment to determine the optimal method\/s of assessment for patients with HNL. A review of publications between January 2000 and September 2021 was undertaken on four electronic databases. Studies were excluded if no clear assessment method of HNL was documented. Sixty\u2010seven articles were included in the study. A wide range of assessment methods for HNL have been reported in the literature. For the purposes of diagnosis and classification of physical findings, computed tomography (CT) appears the most promising tool available for both external and internal HNL. In terms of monitoring, ultrasound appears optimal for external HNL, while a clinician\u2010reported rating scale on laryngoscopy is the gold standard for internal HNL. Patient\u2010reported assessment must be considered alongside objective methods to classify symptom burden and monitor improvement with treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T06:58:34Z","timestamp":1657609114000},"page":"2301-2315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Systematic review of head and neck lymphedema assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Fadhil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital Otolaryngology Head and Neck Research Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravjit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital Otolaryngology Head and Neck Research Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Prince of Wales Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Havas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital Otolaryngology Head and Neck Research Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Prince of Wales Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital Otolaryngology Head and Neck Research Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Prince of Wales Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2016.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-008-0532-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3283393799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54201-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2016.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2019.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2016.0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Secondary lymphedema after head and neck cancer therapy: a review","volume":"51","author":"Anand A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-018-0263-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-011-1294-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Head and neck lymphoedema and fibrosis: a case study","volume":"13","author":"Deng J","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Lymphoedema"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01893697-201533020-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"NHMRC.NHMRC additional levels of evidence and grades for recommendations for developers of guidelines; 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