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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a common treatment for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, the immune\u2010related adverse events (irAEs) from ICIs can be clinically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed and analyzed cardiovascular diagnoses among HNC patients who received ICI during the period April 1, 2016\u2013December 31, 2020 in a large tertiary cancer center. Demographics, clinical and cancer\u2010related data were abstracted, and billing databases were queried for cardiovascular disease (CVD)\u2010related diagnosis using International Classification of Disease\u2010version10 (ICD\u201010) codes. We recorded receipt of care at the ED as one of the outcome variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 610 HNC patients with a median follow\u2010up time of 12.3\u2009months (median, interquartile range\u2009=\u20095\u201330\u2009months) comprised our study cohort. Overall, 25.7% of patients had pre\u2010existing CVD prior to ICI treatment. Of the remaining 453 patients without pre\u2010existing CVD, 31.5% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009143) had at least one CVD\u2010related diagnosis after ICI initiation. Tachyarrhythmias (91 new events) was the most frequent CVD\u2010related diagnosis after ICI. The time to diagnosis of myocarditis from initiation of ICI occurred the earliest (median 2.5\u2009months, 1.5\u20136.8\u2009months), followed by myocardial infarction (3.7, 0.5\u20139), cardiomyopathy (4.5, 1.6\u20137.3), and tachyarrhythmias (4.9, 1.2\u201311.4). Patients with myocarditis and tachyarrhythmias mainly presented to the ED for care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of ICI in HNC is still expanding and the spectrum of delayed manifestation of ICI\u2010induced cardiovascular toxicities is yet to be fully defined in HNC survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T05:33:02Z","timestamp":1703741582000},"page":"627-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cardiovascular events after cancer immunotherapy as oncologic emergencies: Analyses of 610 head and neck cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4500-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cielito C.","family":"Reyes\u2010Gibby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0063-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiham","family":"Qdaisat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3561-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Ferrarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic\/Head and Neck Medical Oncology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anecita","family":"Fadol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Bischof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Coyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demis N.","family":"Lipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab Y.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7622-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Shete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Ichi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai\u2010Ching J.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Texas M. D. 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