{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:41:16Z","timestamp":1791841276412,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the disparities in PD\u20101 and PD\u2010L1 expression among oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in individuals categorized as never\u2010smokers\/never\u2010drinkers versus smokers\/drinkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical staining for PD\u20101 and PD\u2010L1, along with PDCD1LG2\/cen9 dual color probe analysis, was conducted on 130 OSCC specimens from both smoker\/drinker and never\u2010smoker\/never\u2010drinker cohorts. Associations between smoking\/drinking status, clinicopathologic data, immunohistochemical antibody expression, fluorescence in\u00a0situ hybridization, and survival outcomes were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OSCC in never\u2010smokers\/never\u2010drinkers exhibited significantly elevated PD\u20101 expression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), increased PD\u2010L1\u2010TPS expression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044), and elevated PD\u2010L1\u2010CPS expression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). High PD\u2010L1\u2010ICS expression was more prevalent in never\u2010smokers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042). Moreover, never\u2010smokers and never\u2010drinkers demonstrated augmented PD\u2010L1 gene copy numbers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.081 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.054, respectively). Increased PD\u2010L1 gene copy number, particularly amplification, correlated with PD\u2010L1\u2010TPS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conversely, PD\u2010L1 gene copy loss was associated with negative PD\u2010L1\u2010CPS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023). Notably, positive PD\u2010L1\u2010CPS was significantly linked with improved overall survival (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSCC arising in never\u2010smokers\/never\u2010drinkers exhibit heightened PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 signaling, suggesting potential efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy in this subgroup of tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T01:15:45Z","timestamp":1730078145000},"page":"822-831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Increased\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u20101\/\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>L1<\/scp>\n                    Immune Checkpoint Expression Is Associated With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Never\u2010Smokers and Never\u2010Drinkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6822-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisa","family":"Off","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"G\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gero","family":"Brockhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Caritas Hospital St. Josef University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Eichberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Gottsauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G.","family":"Schuderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Tumor Registry University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten E.","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Ettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Regensburg  Regensburg 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