{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:53:05Z","timestamp":1782996785315,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) metastasizing to the parotid gland can cause facial nerve (FN) dysfunction secondary to direct invasion, perineural spread, or surgical ablation. This study aims to characterize the prevalence of preoperative FN involvement in metastatic cSCC to the parotid and identify risk factors resulting in FN sacrifice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with parotid metastases from cSCC, treated surgically with parotidectomy with curative intent were identified through a retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively maintained Sydney Head and Neck database from 1992 to 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 408 patients identified, 39 (10%) were found to have preoperative FN weakness, of which 41% underwent concurrent temporal bone resection compared to 9.1% for the overall cohort. All patients with preoperative FN weakness underwent FN sacrifice. FN sacrifice occurred in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009145 (36%), of which 88 (61%) required sacrifice of a trunk or division. The 5\u2010year disease free survival and disease specific survival was worse for patients requiring sacrifice of the FN trunk compared to no sacrifice, however there was no difference in survival for patients requiring sacrifice of the FN division or branch. We found those with &gt;\u200923.5\u2009mm parotid deposits had an odds ratio of 9.9 for FN sacrifice (95% CI 3.0\u201332.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preoperative FN weakness was present in 10% of patients and 36% had some part of the FN sacrificed. There was no significant difference in outcomes for patients with and without preoperative FN weakness. Patients who undergo sacrifice of the FN trunk have worse survival compared to those not requiring FN sacrifice, however similar outcomes were observed in those requiring lessor degrees of FN sacrifice. The likelihood FN sacrifice rises with increasing parotid deposit size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.28005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T05:28:11Z","timestamp":1732512491000},"page":"1109-1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Impact of Preoperative Facial Nerve Weakness and Facial Nerve Outcomes in the Management of Patients With Parotid Metastases of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2300-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Camperdown Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital The Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery  Camperdown Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Wykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Ch'ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerwin F.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten E.","family":"Palme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsu\u2010Hui","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute  Camperdown Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103293441306"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Factors Predictive of Recurrence and Death From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A 10\u2010Year, Single\u2010Institution Cohort Study","volume":"149","author":"Schmults C. 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