{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T16:53:44Z","timestamp":1754153624650,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Afghan patients treated at a Pakistani cancer center, focusing on epidemiology, tumor characteristics, outcomes, and healthcare challenges faced by patients from conflict\u2010affected regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis of Afghan OSCC patients (2010\u20132023) was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were evaluated, with survival outcomes analyzed using Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 117 patients, 47.1% had risk factors, predominantly smokeless tobacco use (61.8%). Tumors were common in oral subsites, especially the tongue (47.86%), with advanced\u2010stage disease (Stage IV) in 34.2%. Mean overall survival was 56.29\u2009months, and mean disease\u2010free survival was 45.54\u2009months. The 5\u2010year overall and disease\u2010free survival rates were 57.7% and 56.5%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study highlights a high prevalence of advanced OSCC, underscoring the need for early detection, public health initiatives, and enhanced cancer care in Afghanistan. International collaboration is essential to improve healthcare access and reduce regional healthcare burdens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.28118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T04:26:26Z","timestamp":1740198386000},"page":"1949-1954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Crossing the Boundaries of Conflict: Analyzing Epidemiology &amp; Outcomes of Afghan Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients at a Pakistani Cancer Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Hasnain","family":"Haider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2535-1993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Awais","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mohaymin","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afshan","family":"Khanum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shayan","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kashif Iqbal","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Raza","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"UNHCR The UN Refugee Agency \u201cUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees GLOBAL TRENDS FORCED DISPLACEMENT in 2032 \u201d2024 https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/global\u2010trends\u2010report\u20102023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"433","volume-title":"Cancer Care for Refugees and Displaced Populations: Middle East Conflicts and Global Natural Disasters","author":"El Saghir N. 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