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In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether functionalized GO, known as epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)\u2010targeted polyethylene glycol (PEG)\u2010coated GO (GO\u2010PEG\u2010EpCAM), could be used as a therapeutic agent against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to identify its underlying molecular mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used NPC cells to assess the anticancer effects of GO\u2010PEG\u2010EpCAM\/erlotinib in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. Employing RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), we sought to elucidate the molecular pathways through which GO\u2010PEG\u2010EpCAM\/erlotinib affects NPC cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings revealed that GO\u2010PEG\u2010EpCAM\/erlotinib reduced NPC cell viability and decreased invasion and migration abilities. An in\u00a0vivo study further corroborated the anticancer potential of GO\u2010PEG\u2010EpCAM\/erlotinib. Our comprehensive RNA sequencing analysis highlighted several molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GO\u2010PEG\u2010EpCAM\/erlotinib.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GO\u2010PEG\u2010EpCAM\/erlotinib could be a potential therapeutic strategy for NPC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.28122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T18:52:48Z","timestamp":1741719168000},"page":"2010-2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp>EpCAM<\/scp>\u2010Targeted Erlotinib Delivery: Enhancing Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment With Polyethylene Glycol\u2010Coated Graphene Oxide"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Chien\u2010Fu","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital  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