{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T23:33:50Z","timestamp":1761176030895,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, socioeconomic factors have been found to have a profound impact on health outcomes in the realm of head and neck cancer. In this study, we sought to understand the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on adjuvant treatment and survival outcomes in patients with early\u2010stage, oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients with primary, early stage (cT1\u2010T2, N0) oral tongue SCC from 2004 to 2017. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify patient or tumor factors associated with the need for postoperative adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. We also analyzed overall survival (OS) via Cox proportional hazard analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 13\u2009220 patients included in the analysis. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with an increased likelihood of adjuvant treatment included younger age, shorter distance to the patient's treatment center, Hispanic ethnicity, and urban location. Adherence to radiation treatment was less likely (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in patients who were older age, male sex, rural geography, and those with Medicare insurance. OS was worse for patients who were older age, Charlson\u2013Deyo Score &gt;\u20090, had nonprivate insurance, and residing in an urban geography.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors on those treated for oral tongue SCC, while controlling for tumor stage at presentation. Ethnicity, geography, and insurance status play a role in the need for adjuvant therapy and OS. These factors warrant further exploration in the interplay with long\u2010term outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.28224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T05:14:00Z","timestamp":1750828440000},"page":"3068-3075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Socioeconomic Risk Factors on Adjuvant Treatment and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Early\u2010Stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor E.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9317-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine T.","family":"Haring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nolan B.","family":"Seim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew O.","family":"Old","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen Y.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_253_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.61.2929"},{"volume-title":"Oral Cancer 5\u2010Year Survival Rates by Race, sex, and Stage of diagnosis","author":"Langmaid S.","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201030939\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663\u2010022\u201001685\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.831479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201022\u20100963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2024.0424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2023.106611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Database \u201cNational Cancer Database Participant User File 2020 Data Dictionary \u201d (2022) https:\/\/www.facs.org\/media\/brilfbgu\/puf\u20102020\u2010data\u2010dictionary.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90133-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci11020042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974X19891126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880160202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"ASPE \u201cPoverty Guidelines \u201d(n.d) https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/topics\/poverty\u2010economic\u2010mobility\/poverty\u2010guidelines."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"\u201c2025Federal Poverty Levels\/Guidelines & How They Determine Medicaid Eligibility. Medicaid Planning Assistance \u201d(n.d) https:\/\/www.medicaidplanningassistance.org\/federal\u2010poverty\u2010guidelines\/#:~:text=Table_title:%2048%20Contiguous%20States%20Table_content:%20header:%20%7C (Annual%20Income):%20$26%2C650%20%7C%20:%20$36%2C777%20%7C."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"\u201cCurrent cigarette smoking among adults in the United States \u201d(2023) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/data_statistics\/fact_sheets\/adult_data\/cig_smoking\/index.htm."}],"container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.28224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:26:21Z","timestamp":1761125181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hed.28224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hed.28224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.28224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-3074","1097-0347"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1043-3074"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0347"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}