{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:00:08Z","timestamp":1772996408729,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp;amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swallowing dysfunction is a common postoperative challenge for patients following total laryngectomy. Videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) can be used to assess the mechanism of swallowing dysfunction in patients; however, many standardized protocols do not account for the anatomical changes in patients who have undergone total laryngectomy. In this study, we aim to utilize the ASPEKT (Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics &amp; Timing) Method to quantify swallowing mechanics in a cohort of post\u2010laryngectomy patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study of swallowing post total laryngectomy was performed. All participants received a VFSS as part of standard care up to 10\u2009months following their surgery between 2011\u20132021. Blinded raters trained in the ASPEKT method scored the VFSS for: number of swallows, UES opening duration, pharyngeal area at maximum pharyngeal constriction (PhAMPC), and total pharyngeal residue. A mixed\u2010effects beta regression model was fitted to the data, with total pharyngeal residue as the dependent variable and number of swallows, UES duration, and pharyngeal area at maximum constriction as independent variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The average number of swallows per bolus was greater than 2. For patients who required more than 1 swallow to clear the bolus, the average UES opening duration increased with each swallow, from 567\u2009ms during the first swallow to 633\u2009ms during the third swallow. Additionally, the average PhAMPC for patients who required more than one swallow was 40.4% C2\u2013C4\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      compared with 22.2% C2\u2013C4\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in patients who cleared the bolus with one swallow. Results from the mixed\u2010effects beta regression model showed that PhAMPC (\n                      <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922.58;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; [95% CI 7.39, 64.28]) was a significant predictor of residue. UES opening duration and number of swallows were not significantly predictive of total pharyngeal residue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study represents the application of the ASPEKT Method to more precisely analyze VFSS in patients following total laryngectomy. Changes in swallowing function and efficiency post\u2010laryngectomy may largely be attributed to ineffective maximal pharyngeal constriction. Future work further characterizing this change in swallowing dynamics is crucial in developing treatment options to address swallowing dysfunction following total laryngectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.28240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T05:00:04Z","timestamp":1752296404000},"page":"3261-3267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Analysis of Videofluoroscopy Following Total Laryngectomy Using the\n                    <scp>ASPEKT<\/scp>\n                    Method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana","family":"Smaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Kuwait University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Clinical Research George Washington University School of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery George Washington University School of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"The Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ankeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2394-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery George Washington University School of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Dorward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin\u2010Anne","family":"Cardman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences The George Washington University  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery George Washington University School of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v52i11.14025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69852-2_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455\u2010009\u20109209\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0014.5705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840\u2010200106000\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455\u2010024\u201010721\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455\u2010018\u20109889\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR\u201022\u201000047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR\u2010S\u201018\u20100448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_JSLHR\u201023\u201000246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455\u2010024\u201010677\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"R: The R Project for Statistical Computing. accessed February 10 2025 https:\/\/www.r\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816639249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2890090103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120000341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000\u20109604.2020.01.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405\u2010016\u20104424\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810390906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000165456.01648.B8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.9.1000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194\u201059980300093\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211010435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"SWALLOWTAILaccessed February 10 2025 https:\/\/www.belldevmedical.com\/swallowtail."}],"container-title":["Head &amp; 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