{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T13:42:30Z","timestamp":1784641350656,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp;amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a DNA virus capable of infecting mucous membranes. In most cases, the infection is cleared by the immune system, but a prolonged exposure to HPV can progress to cancer. 40%\u201360% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are linked to HPV, which is considered a risk factor especially among young people in industrialized countries. HNSCC are not identified early due to their slow growth and their locations not being easy to see. Despite the prognostic value of HPV, the use of HPV\u2010DNA as a diagnostic marker is not fully developed. HPV\u2010DNA can be detected in saliva specimens of patients with HPV\u2010driven cancers. Considering this, we employed saliva samples to optimize a non\u2010invasive RT\u2010PCR assay for HPV infection and prove the hypothesis that the presence of HPV DNA represents a risk factor for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC). The potential of this work is to highlight how an HPV screening program based on salivary testing can be useful for early cancer detection and patient monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this retrospective study, 127 patients and 93 control samples were tested for the presence of HPV in self\u2010collected saliva specimens. Viral DNA was extracted from saliva using an automated instrument. A multiplex RT\u2010PCR was employed for the detection of the (28 most frequent HPV Types). Patients' demographics were collected in a clinical database. Statistics were performed by STATA16, and significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most patients had a diagnosis of OCSCC (49.1%), 38%\u20139% of which involved the tongue. 9.6% resulted positive for HPV DNA in saliva, specifically for high\u2010risk subtypes (42.9% type 58; 28.6% types 45, 59, 39 and 9.6% type 16, 18). HPV+patients were compared to those who were found negative. HPV infection was related to the TNM stage, especially with pT2N1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009\u2264<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.002) and with primary vs. relapsed tumors (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.004). Independent of site, the assay reached a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 100%, and an agreement of 98.5%, compared to the oropharyngeal swab (\n                      <jats:italic>Cohen's Kappa<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.947;\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u200965). Test PPV was 100% (95% CI 71.5\u2013100), while NPV was 98.1% (95% CI 90.1\u2013100).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that salivary HPV testing is a non\u2010invasive and convenient test that could become part of routine clinical management for HPV infection of the oral cavity. This test represents an ideal mode of screening of asymptomatic individuals and a long\u2010term monitoring tool for HPV\u2010driven cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T08:48:56Z","timestamp":1754383736000},"page":"56-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Application of a Saliva\u2010Based Liquid Biopsy for the Detection of\n                    <scp>HPV<\/scp>\n                    in Patients With Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (\n                    <scp>OCSCC<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2646-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Bulfoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Neuroscience, Academic Hospital of Udine Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Krpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Friuli Centrale Healthcare University Hospital (ASUFC)  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Marcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Friuli Centrale Healthcare University Hospital (ASUFC)  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"De Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Vesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Friuli Centrale Healthcare University Hospital (ASUFC)  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Marzinotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Friuli Centrale Healthcare University Hospital (ASUFC)  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Nencioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofarma Group Srl Mereto di Tomba  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Sembronio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Neuroscience, Academic Hospital of Udine Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Pipan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"},{"name":"Public Health Laboratory Friuli Centrale Healthcare University Hospital (ASUFC)  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Robiony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck and Neuroscience, Academic Hospital of Udine Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Udine  Udine Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Friuli Centrale Healthcare University Hospital (ASUFC)  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"Global Incidence and Risk Factors of Oral Cancer","volume":"156","author":"Ghantous 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