{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:17:32Z","timestamp":1780499852093,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The current study presents the efforts of a global collaborative group to review the management and outcomes of malignant tumors of the skull base in the pediatric population worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 28 institutions contributed data on 3061 patients. From this, there were 64 pediatric patients (2.1%). Clinical variables, overall and disease\u2010free survival (OS and DFS) outcomes, and multivariable factors associated with outcome were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The male\u2010to\u2010female ratio was 37:27 and the median [IQR] age at diagnosis was 14.0 [9.6\u201316.0] years. The most common malignancy was sarcoma (57.8%), followed by esthesioneuroblastoma (25.0%) and carcinoma (17.2%). Negative margins were achieved in 53.1% children. Dural invasion was associated with reduced OS and DFS. Adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with improved survival outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Open approaches were widely used for pediatric skull base tumor resection in the period between 1995 and 2015 but we saw a rise in the use of endoscopic and combined techniques by the end of the period covered by this study. Our results may represent a transitional era in which alternative endoscopic techniques continue to expand.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:25:18Z","timestamp":1770812718000},"page":"1742-1754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skull Base Surgery in the Pediatric Population\u2014The 2nd International Collaborative Study (1995\u20132015)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Dan M.","family":"Fliss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer J.","family":"Ungar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4402-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Levyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dauren","family":"Adilbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Eagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mithat","family":"Gonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6104-7967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Ganly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathamesh","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Insubria Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang Ju","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Surgical and Medical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, School of Medicine Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Surgical and Medical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, School of Medicine Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict J.","family":"Panizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5051-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz P.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Reference Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Head and Neck Service, ICESP S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5576-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldo N.","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Reference Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-5033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"DeAlmeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5612-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Witterick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery, Sinai Health Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department \u2013 Skull Base Center, H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re AP\u2011HP Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial and Thyroid Surgery University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio Sanchez","family":"Aniceto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefik","family":"Hosal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine At\u0131l\u0131m University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine At\u0131l\u0131m University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramania","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6942-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Applied Medical Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Rene","family":"Leemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2011Jaap","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Figari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Boccalatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichi","family":"Nibu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Rennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5899-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Cernea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Service, ICESP S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Service, ICESP S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head & Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1000-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Instituto Nacional de C\u00e2ncer Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoukaa","family":"Sargi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahzada","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Golusinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Centre Pozna\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Heon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Yonsei University Health System Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley Y.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaan M.","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"DeMonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatin P.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880160103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1930-2398.1988.tb00002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615806"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2002.12.5.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2005.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20958"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13071924"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109962"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000433"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110299"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(87)90402-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.8.923"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.07.019"}],"container-title":["Head & Neck"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.70168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hed.70168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.70168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:21:34Z","timestamp":1780496494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hed.70168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hed.70168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.70168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-3074","1097-0347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-3074","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}