{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:23:01Z","timestamp":1786123381714,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp;amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The facial vein is the standard recipient vessel in facial reanimation surgery. Its complete absence is rarely described but may cause major challenges during free functional muscle transfer (FFMT). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of facial vein absence and assess its surgical relevance in facial reanimation patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 198 patients who underwent FFMT between 2005 and 2025 was performed. Facial vein presence was evaluated intraoperatively, and all patients had preoperative Doppler ultrasonography. Potential predictors were analyzed using logistic regression and Fisher's exact test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial vein aplasia occurred in 12 patients. Aplasia was significantly associated with congenital etiology and syndromic palsy, especially Moebius syndrome. No associations with age, sex, operative time, or complications were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial vein aplasia is strongly linked to congenital and syndromic palsy. Preoperative Doppler ultrasonography is recommended for identifying venous anomalies and optimizing surgical planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Freiburger Register Klinischer Studien (FRKS): Number FRKS005811<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:35:09Z","timestamp":1775640909000},"page":"2499-2504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anatomical Variation of Absent Facial Vein: Implications for Facial Reanimation Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3838-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cam T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine\u2014University of Freiburg Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine\u2014University of Freiburg Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Osterloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine\u2014University of Freiburg Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4174-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayla A.","family":"Hohenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine\u2014University of Freiburg Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen U.","family":"Eisenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine\u2014University of Freiburg Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000134"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31822484ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000252066.03494.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.6.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000731"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197602000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002322"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193416641590"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30324"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","article-title":"Single\u2010Stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer","volume":"97","author":"Thiele J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"JoVE Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0332"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200011000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-002-0080-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Facial Vein Terminating in the External Jugular Vein. 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