{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:16:40Z","timestamp":1783653400739,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008052","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Alfonso Mart\u00edn Escudero","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head & Neck"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to develop predictive models for local (LR), regional (RR), and distant recurrence (DR) after skull base surgery for primary malignant tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We analyzed 2179 patients (1995\u20132015) from an international multicenter database, split into training (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091297) and validation (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009882) cohorts. Cox regression identified predictors of LR, RR, and DR, and nomograms were developed and validated using concordance indexes (C\u2010indexes).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Median age was 56\u2009years; 64% were male. The most common sites included the ethmoid sinus (38%), nasal cavity (25%), and maxillary sinus (20%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histology (25%). LR predictors included brain invasion, higher\u2010risk histology, pT3\/T4, pN+, positive margins, and adjuvant therapy (protective). RR predictors included high\u2010risk histology, pT3\/T4, and pN+. DR predictors mirrored LR except for adjuvant therapy. C\u2010indexes were around 0.7 for all endpoints.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n These validated nomograms provide useful tools for recurrence risk stratification and personalized management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:47:59Z","timestamp":1783651679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nomograms Predictive of Recurrence in Malignant Tumors Treated With Skull Base Surgery: An International Collaborative Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Valero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7636-5426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Ganly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian A.","family":"Boe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9775-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snehal G.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 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Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mithat","family":"Gonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathamesh","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Insubria Varese 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of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramania","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, Applied Medical Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Rene","family":"Leemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2010Jaap","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Figari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Boccalatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery Hospital Italiano de 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