{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:49:20Z","timestamp":1791982160618,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head &amp; Neck"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review investigated pathological, oncological, and survival outcomes of Head and neck neuroendocrine carcinoma (HNNEC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three independent investigators conducted a PRISMA\u2010compliant literature search. Primary outcomes included tumor stage, overall survival (OS), disease\u2010free survival, recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most common locations were the larynx (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091041), sinonasal tract (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009917), and oropharynx (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009366), mostly cT2\/cT4 and cN0\/cN2. Small\u2010cell carcinoma predominated (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092334). Laryngeal tumors were preferentially treated by surgery plus radiotherapy, sinonasal\/nasopharyngeal tumors by chemoradiotherapy, and salivary tumors by surgery with adjuvant therapy. Surgical cohorts achieved 5\u2010year OS of 33.0%\u201373.9%, and multimodal CRT\u2010plus\u2010surgery 57.2%\u201361.0%. Laryngeal and mucosal tumors had more favorable outcomes than sinonasal\/salivary localizations; well\/moderately\u2010differentiated carcinoids outperformed poorly\u2010differentiated and small\u2010cell variants (median OS &lt;\u200924\u2009months).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HNNEC survival strongly depends on histology, site, and treatment modality. Substantial therapeutic heterogeneity reflects the lack of guidelines, highlighting the need for standardized, histology\u2010 and site\u2010specific management recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T03:43:51Z","timestamp":1784346231000},"page":"2901-2921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Survival Outcomes of Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8207-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morena","family":"A\u00efta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Mons (UMONS)  Mons Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8258-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilario","family":"Galofaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Mons (UMONS)  Mons Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Maniaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Mons (UMONS)  Mons Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Enna Kore University  Enna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Mons (UMONS)  Mons Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Foch Hospital, Paris Saclay University  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery CHU Saint\u2010Pierre  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2026.2673943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19881215)62:12<2658::AID-CNCR2820621235>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2016.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894251412369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"What Is Your Research Question? 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