{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T02:25:55Z","timestamp":1787538355880,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Head & Neck"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Malignant seeding of the trachea after resection of head and neck cancer is a rare but clinically significant complication, most often associated with advanced\u2010stage disease and nodal metastasis. We aim to present a case of malignant seeding to the trachea and provide a comprehensive literature review to identify patterns in presentation, management, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A literature search was performed to identify cases of malignant seeding to the trachea or tracheostomy site in patients with head and neck cancers. Inclusion required histological confirmation and sufficient clinical detail.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n We report a case of an 83\u2010year\u2010old woman with a history of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who underwent segmental mandibulectomy with free flap reconstruction and temporary tracheostomy. She presented 19\u2009months later with progressive shortness of breath. Biopsy confirmed SCC at the prior tracheostomy site. Including our case, 28 cases were identified from the literature. SCC accounted for 92.9% of cases, with the oral cavity as the most common primary site (67.9%). Treatment for the tracheal seeding included surgical intervention with or without RT or chosen palliative care. At last follow\u2010up, 60.7% of patients died from the tracheal malignancy, with 25.0% alive without disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Malignant seeding to the trachea or tracheostomy site is relatively rare with a poor prognosis. Measures to prevent this occurrence include delaying tracheostomy until tumor resection, using separate sterile instruments when performing multiple surgeries, and providing prophylactic radiation to the stoma in high\u2010risk patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T02:16:05Z","timestamp":1787537765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Malignant Seeding to the Trachea and Tracheostomy Site: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4052-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Giannaris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell New Hyde Park New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7295-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Scarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell New Hyde Park New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3336-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth E.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell New Hyde Park New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989210600414","article-title":"Tumor Implantation in a Tracheotomy","volume":"106","author":"Armstrong M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880150313","article-title":"Neoplastic Seeding of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx\u2014PubMed","volume":"15","author":"Clayman G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Head & Neck"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.1395","article-title":"Iatrogenic Seeding of Osteosarcoma in a Tracheotomy Tract\u2014A Case Report","volume":"6","author":"Duek I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Case Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000201987.41904.6c","article-title":"Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Seeding to the Tracheostomy Site","volume":"116","author":"Miller T. C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1053\/hn.1999.v120.a84690","article-title":"Cancerous Seeding of the Tracheotomy Site in Patients With Upper Aerodigestive Tract Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"120","author":"Campbell A. C.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Stomal Metastases After Translaryngeal Tracheotomy (TLT) According to Fantoni: A Rare Complication","volume":"55","author":"Aust W.","year":"2007","journal-title":"HNO"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2014.02.003","article-title":"Stomal Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Patients With Temporary Tracheostomy","volume":"41","author":"Esteller E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Auris, Nasus, Larynx"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215011907190","article-title":"Stomal Recurrence Following Temporary Tracheostomy","volume":"115","author":"Halfpenny W.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Laryngology and Otology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.105097","article-title":"Tracheostomy Stomal Seeding Following Oral Cavity Resection","volume":"115","author":"Hintze J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Oncology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1159\/000510361","article-title":"Post\u2010Surgery Subcutaneous Seeding of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Case","volume":"14","author":"Jiang Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Reports in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Neoplastic Seeding at the Tracheotomy Site: Report of Two Cases","volume":"37","author":"Brousseau J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1177\/030089161309900421","article-title":"Recurrence due to Neoplastic Seeding in Head and Neck Cancer: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature","volume":"99","author":"Nisa L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tumori Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104692","article-title":"Distant Recurrence of Oral Carcinoma at Tracheostomy Site: A Rare Presentation","volume":"109","author":"Kumar N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Isolated Recurrence at Tracheostomy Site in a Non\u2010Laryngeal Head and Neck Cancer","volume":"52","author":"Qureshi S. C. D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Postgraduate Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/osi2.1252","article-title":"Tracheostomy Stomal Seeding Following Tongue Cancer Resection: A Case Report","volume":"22","author":"Sawadaishi R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Science International"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(03)01282-8","article-title":"Excisional Surgery for Cancer Cure: Therapy at a Cost","volume":"4","author":"Coffey J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Oncology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23234","article-title":"Metastasis at a Tracheostomy Site as the Presenting Sign of Late Recurrent Breast Cancer","volume":"35","author":"Rotolo N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head & Neck"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4885","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13674","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Who Undergo Resection, but Forgo Adjuvant Therapy","volume":"39","author":"Loganadane G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"}],"container-title":["Head & Neck"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.70435","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hed.70435","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hed.70435","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T02:16:14Z","timestamp":1787537774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hed.70435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/hed.70435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.70435","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-3074","1097-0347"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-3074","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0347","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"hed.70435"}}