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In B\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (B\u2010NHL), the prognostic impact of immune reconstitution (IR) remains ill\u2010defined, and detailed cross\u2010product comparisons have not been performed to date. In this retrospective observational study, we longitudinally characterized lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin levels in 105 B\u2010NHL patients to assess patterns of immune recovery arising after CD19 CAR\u2010T. Three key IR criteria were defined as CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T helper (T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) cells\u2009&gt;\u2009200\/\u00b5L, any detectable B cells, and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels &gt;4\u2009g\/L. After a median follow\u2010up of 24.6 months, 38% of patients displayed T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells, 11% showed any B cells, and 41% had IgG recovery. Notable product\u2010specific differences emerged, including deeper T\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell aplasia with CD28z\u2010 versus longer B\u2010cell aplasia with 41BBz\u2010based products. Patients with any IR recovery experienced extended progression\u2010free survival (PFS) (median 20.8 vs. 1.7 months,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and overall survival (OS) (34.9 vs. 4.0 months,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). While landmark analysis at 90 days confirmed improved PFS in patients with any recovery (34.9 vs. 8.6 months,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005), no significant OS difference was noted. Notably, 72% of patients with refractory disease never displayed recovery of any IR criteria. Early progressors showed diminished IR at the time of progression\/relapse compared to patients with late progression\/recurrence (after Day 90). Our results highlight the profound immune deficits observed after CD19 CAR\u2010T and shed light on the intersection of IR and efficacy in B\u2010NHL. Importantly, IR was impaired considerably postprogression, carrying significant implications for subsequent T\u2010cell\u2010engaging therapies and treatment sequencing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T04:51:22Z","timestamp":1736743882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prognostic significance of immune reconstitution following CD19 CAR T\u2010cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory B\u2010cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Stock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and LMU University Hospital Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veit L.","family":"B\u00fccklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Blumenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center Munich Germany"},{"name":"Cellular Immunotherapy Program Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown and Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Magno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alica\u2010Joana","family":"Emhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra M. E.","family":"Holzem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Cordas dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and LMU University Hospital Munich Germany"},{"name":"Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Grie\u00dfhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Fr\u00f6lich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III LMU University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kobold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, a partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and LMU University Hospital Munich Germany"},{"name":"Einheit f\u00fcr Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"von 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