{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:34:28Z","timestamp":1788280468402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HemaSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hematotoxicity after anti\u2010CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell therapy has drawn attention for potential long\u2010term effects, and yet, recovery of lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin levels beyond B\u2010cell aplasia remains poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed 76 consecutive axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi\u2010cel) recipients with relapsed\/refractory aggressive B\u2010cell lymphoma between 2020 and 2024, focusing on basic immune recovery patterns and their impact on outcomes. Median CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T and NK cells increased to &gt;300\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    and &gt;100\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, within 2 months after infusion. CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell recovery was slower, with 42% cumulative incidence of &gt;200\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell count at 12 months. B\u2010cells were detectable in 18% at 12 months. Immunoglobulin levels initially declined and then plateaued, with 51% incidence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels\u2009&gt;\u2009400\u2009mg\/dL at 12 months. Modified EASIX\u2009&gt;\u20092.00 was associated with delayed kinetics of CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells, and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells, and cumulative dexamethasone dose\u2009&gt;\u2009120\u2009mg with delayed recovery of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells, NK cells, and IgG. At 1 month post\u2010infusion, low CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell count and high CAR\u2010HEMATOTOX predicted worse 12\u2010month progression\u2010free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.81 and 3.34) and overall survival (HR 3.21 and 4.41), respectively. After axi\u2010cel, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cells and IgG recovered slowly during the first year, while CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T and NK cells increased rapidly. A higher modified EASIX score may predict slower cellular recovery, while corticosteroids may delay both cellular and humoral recovery. Lower CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2010cell count was associated with worse outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T20:29:51Z","timestamp":1759696191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Patterns of immune recovery after axicabtagene ciloleucel for aggressive B\u2010cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7016-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Airosa Pardal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Benzaqu\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 INCLIVA, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanitaria Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Granados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"Hematology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Amat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-8076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Hernani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aitana","family":"Balaguer\u2010Rosell\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"Hematology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadna","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Villalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"Hematology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Asensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8808-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Cord\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERONC, CB16\/12\/00284) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Pastor\u2010Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0024-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Montoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"},{"name":"Hematology Research Group, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria La Fe Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Remigia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Hospital Clinic Universitari de Val\u00e8ncia Val\u00e8ncia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan 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