{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:56:51Z","timestamp":1790679411844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HemaSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microcytic anemia is among the most common hematological abnormalities in clinical practice and is usually attributable to iron deficiency, thalassemia traits, or anemia of inflammation. A small but clinically important subset of patients, however, has inherited disorders of iron metabolism or heme synthesis presenting with persistent, unexplained, familial, or iron\u2010refractory microcytosis. Over the past decade, advances in the understanding of the hepcidin\u2013ferroportin axis, erythroid iron regulation, standardized hepcidin assays, and next\u2010generation sequencing have substantially refined diagnosis, while expert guidance for iron\u2010refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) has refined management, and hepcidin\u2010targeted therapies in early development signal a shift towards mechanism\u2010based treatment, though their role in IRIDA remains investigational. This review provides an updated, clinically oriented framework for inherited microcytic anemias caused by defects in systemic iron homeostasis, cellular iron transport, mitochondrial iron utilization, and heme biosynthesis. We propose a contemporary diagnostic algorithm integrating clinical features, iron biomarkers, hepcidin assessment, and molecular testing, and review current and emerging therapeutic strategies. Early recognition enables accurate diagnosis, avoids inappropriate investigations and treatment, facilitates genetic counselling, and helps prevent irreversible organ damage, particularly in iron\u2010overload disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:47:07Z","timestamp":1789559227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inherited microcytic anemias due to disorders of iron and heme metabolism: An updated clinical review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0142-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Makis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, University Campus Ioannina 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