{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:24:00Z","timestamp":1771629840145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":12237,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,3]]},"abstract":"\n \n Several cholinergic agonists and their antagonists were administered topically at various concentrations (10-10<\/jats:sup> to 10-4<\/jats:sup> gm per ml) to the livers of anesthetized Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Changes in the microvasculature were measured for a period of 15 min using in vivo<\/jats:italic> microscopic methods. The influence of cholinergic agonists on hepatic mast cells was determined by histochemical methods. Cholinergic agonists elicited constriction of portal venules, sinusoids, and terminal hepatic (central) venules accompanied within 5 to 20 sec by the adherence of platelets and leukocytes to the endothelial lining of these vessels. These responses were not observed in hepatic arterioles or hepatic (sublobular) venules. However, the responses drastically altered cellular flow through all segments of the microvasculature. The drugs were effective in the following ranking: bethanechol > pilocarpine > carbachol. Vascular responses were not antagonized by atropine; phentolamine modified the constrictor response of portal venules but of no other microvascular segment. These results suggest that the responses were not<\/jats:italic> mediated by cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors and that the constriction of portal venules was caused by the chemical activation of a\u2013adrenergic receptors. Histochemical methods revealed that pilocarpine and bethanechol also elicited a significant decrease in the number of visible mast cells suggestive of degranulation and the release of serotonin, histamine, and other polyanions (e.g., heparin) from these cells. Release occurred within the same period of time as the microvascular alterations (15 min). These data provide additional evidence that mast cell constituents and adrenergic mechanisms are involved in hepatic cholinergic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,5]],"date-time":"2010-07-05T12:41:05Z","timestamp":1278333665000},"page":"230S-235S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Hepatic Microvascular Regulatory Mechanisms. Ii. Cholinergic Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Frank D.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth V.W.","family":"Dimlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene V.","family":"Cilento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Mccuskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1979.sp002468","article-title":"Parasympathetic cholinergic vasodilator mechanism in the terminal liver microcirculation in rats","volume":"64","author":"Koo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Q J Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207-BIB2|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(79)90047-5","article-title":"Vagus-mediated vasodilator tone in the rat terminal liver microcirculation","volume":"18","author":"Koo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Microvas Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207-BIB3|cit3","first-page":"E728","article-title":"Stimulation and blockade of cholinergic receptors in terminal liver microcirculation in rats","volume":"236","author":"Koo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207-BIB4|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012961","article-title":"Microvascular filling pattern in rat liver sinusoids during vagal stimulation","volume":"295","author":"Koo","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207-BIB5|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(74)90556-7","article-title":"Studies on the effects of insulin and acetylcholine on activation of glycogen synthetase and on glycogenesis in hepatocytes isolated from normal fed rats","volume":"61","author":"Akpan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207-BIB6|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009391","article-title":"Cholinergic regulation of hepatic tyrosine transaminase activity","volume":"213","author":"Black","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020207-BIB7|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(71)90089-4","article-title":"Regulation of glycogen metabolism in liver by the autonomic nervous system. 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